Numerous gaps that need to be addressed to enhance the quality of psychiatrists trained in Asia were identified. There is a need to have uniform minimum standards of training and mechanisms of mutual support, for not only training but also academics and research activities in Asia.
Introduction Globally, 80% of the burdenof major depressive disorder (MDD) pertains to low- and middle-income countries. Research into genetic and environmental risk factors has the potential to uncover disease mechanisms that may contribute to better diagnosis and treatment of mental illness, yet has so far been largely limited to participants with European ancestry from high-income countries. The DIVERGE study was established to help overcome this gap and investigate genetic and environmental risk factors for MDD in Pakistan. Methods DIVERGE aims to enrol 9000 cases and 4000 controls in hospitals across the country. Here, we provide the rationale for DIVERGE, describe the study protocol and characterise the sample using data from the first 500 cases. Exploratory data analysis is performed to describe demographics, socioeconomic status, environmental risk factors, family history of mental illness and psychopathology. Results and discussion Many participants had severe depression with 74% of patients who experienced multiple depressive episodes. It was a common practice to seek help for mental health struggles from faith healers and religious leaders. Socioeconomic variables reflected the local context with a large proportion of women not having access to any education and the majority of participants reporting no savings. Conclusion DIVERGE is a carefully designed case–control study of MDD in Pakistan that captures diverse risk factors. As the largest genetic study in Pakistan, DIVERGE helps address the severe underrepresentation of people from South Asian countries in genetic as well as psychiatric research.
People with epilepsy often have between 30 and 50% of their patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. The major neurological comorbidities linked with epilepsy, such as migraine, dementia, traumatic brain injury, and autism spectrum disorder, have relative effects on some of the psychiatric disorders, such as mood and anxiety disorders. The current research objective was to report the usage of pharmacologic drugs in the treatment of a neuropsychiatric disorder in epilepsy. A total of 630 patients of different aged groups (9-18 years, between 19-64 years and Elderly > 65 years) were included in our research. The study was carried out at Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera from September 2021 to Jan 2022. Epilepsy patients in rural areas had a substantially lower incidence of neuropsychiatric disorders than those in urban areas, and most of the patients were men. The most often used Anti epilepsy drugs (AEDs) for treating epilepsy were lamotrigine, valproate, and levetiracetam, which were used by 50% of participants. Carbamazepine was only used by adults and was least frequently utilized by older people. In order to effectively manage neuro-psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy, it is important to consider both possible iatrogenic and therapeutic consequences.
Objective: To determine the frequency of depression and anxiety in carers of psychoactive substance use patients. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Psychiatry, Baluchistan Institute of Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, Quetta from June 2020 to December 2020. Methodology: One hundred and twenty caregivers of psychoactive substance use patients were enrolled. Detailed demographics of patients and caregivers were recorded after taking informed written consent. Patients were aged between 18-70 years. Depression and anxiety were calculated in primary caregivers of patients of psychoactive substance use. A DASS-21 criterion was used to examine the depression. Data was analysed by SPSS 22.0. Results: Mean age of patients was 35.27±15.43 years. 90 (75%) patients were males while 25% were females. Among caregivers 78 (65%) were females while 42 (35%) were males with mean age 36.86±16.48 years. Among caregivers, 12.5% of the patients had mild, 37.5% showed moderate and 18.33% caregivers showed severe depression while 38 (31.67%) had no depression. Anxiety among caregivers was mild in 12 (10%), 26 (21.7%) had moderate and 15 (12.5%) caregivers had severe anxiety while 67 (55.83%) caregivers had no anxiety. Conclusion: The frequency of anxiety and depression was high in primary caregivers of patients with psychoactive substance abuse. Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Substance use, Caregivers
Introduction: The most prevalent and severe type of mental disease, depression affects 60–70% of adults, primarily between the ages of 15 and 35. Not only are the patients affected by this terrible disorder, but also their care givers and families. It has long been known that depression often manifests as a variety of psychosomatic conditions, one of which is non-epileptic fits, which are typically more common in children and women than men. Therefore, the majority of patients who present to a psychiatric emergency room, outpatient department, or ward having non-epileptic fits have underlying depression. This was one of the few studies conducted on the prevalence of depression in patients experiencing non-epileptic fits in Pakistan, particularly in province, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Study Design and Study Area: In the psychiatry department of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, this descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Duration of Study: The duration of study was 06 months i.e. from 30th march, 2015 to 30th September, 2015. Materials and Methods: The study included 162 patients who presented to the hospital with non-epileptic fits and had ages ranging from 20 to 40 years. The study excluded non-consenting individuals, those with organic brain disorders, and those who had another psychiatric diagnosis already. On a proforma that was especially created, variables were recorded. The BDI depression scale was used to evaluate the depression screening process. Results: Of 193 patients, 162 met the requirements for study. The patients were estimated to have a mean age of 25.44 years, with a standard deviation of 14.25 years. Only 32 patients (20%) were female, while remaining 130 (80%) patient were male. Majority 88 (56%) individuals were uneducated. 46 people (32%) had education up to the primary level, 14 (8%) were matriculating, and 12 (4%) were graduates. 40 people (25%) were single, 94 people (58%) were wed, and 28 people (17%) were widows or widowers. 30 people (19%) were working and 132 (81%) were unemployed. 62 persons had been seeking care for more than 24 months, compared to 8 who had been doing so for less than 24 months, 20 persons for less than 18 months, 14 patients having duration of illness for less than 12 months and 12 patients of less than 6 months period of illness. Only when non-epileptic fits were linked to the depression (p value 0.004) was statistical significance observed. When depression was compared to the patient's gender, marital status, educational attainment, length of care, and occupation, there was no statistically significant difference. Conclusions: The majority of people who have non-epileptic fits also have depression. Age of onset of non-epileptic fits and depression are significantly correlated, whereas gender, educational level, marital status, occupation, length of illness, and patient's family history are not. Keyword: Psychological distress, depression, non-epileptic fits, KTH.
Children or adolescent trauma experience has already been linked to a number of detrimental mental health consequences, such as psychotic experiences, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and psychosis.Our study aimed to determine the link between repeated exposures to childhood trauma (CT) and adult mental and functioning consequences. By using two - a stage sample strategy, 820 individuals were chosen from age categories of kids, 10, 13, and 15 years old, from a population of about 3,670 kids. A maximum of 2981 evaluations were done upon that 820 kids up to the age of 16 (1647 observations of 820 people), as well as at the ages of 18, 23, 26, and 29 (1334 observations of 736 people). Data were collected through an interview for the evaluation of all consequences, with the exception of those mentioned (such as formal criminal histories). Of the 820 participants in the research, 436 (53.18%) were female and 384 (46.82%) were male. By the age of 16, 29.3% of kids (n = 241) had had one traumatic incident, 23.0% (n = 189) had experienced two, and 21.46% (n = 176) had experienced three or maybe more. The Odds Ratio (OR) for every disease seemed to be 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.3; and exposure to accumulated CT until the age of 16 was linked to a higher prevalence of adult psychiatric conditions and worse outcome measures, such as major results that show a markedly interrupted development into adulthood. Despite controlling for a wide variety of children contributing.
Aim: To assess the sleep deprivation and quantity related incidence in students of medicine. Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and duration study: Psychiatry Department, Balochistan Institute of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Quetta from 1st October 2020 to 31st March 2021 at the Methodology: One hundred thirty-five students, both males and females, took part in this research. After obtaining written agreement, the detailed demographics of study participants such as age, body mass index, gender, marital status, socioeconomic and 18-30 years were recorded. Athens scale for insomnia was used for the estimation of how frequently people experienced insomnia. Results: The mean age was 23.04±11.33 years and mean BMI 21.43±21.45 kg/m2. There were 81(60%) males and 54(40%) females. One hundred and one (74.8%) patients had middle socio-economic status and 31 (25.2%) had upper class. Majority of the patients 135 (85.2%) were unmarried. The use of the AIS scale revealed that 59 (43.7%) of the patients had insomnia, among these majority were 39 (28.9%) females. Practical Implication: The report is not accessible at the time of this writing. The outcomes of this study will allow insomnia specialists to develop evidence-based recommendations for the prevention and treatment of insomnia in students who are at risk of developing the condition in the first place. This analysis serves as a baseline for investigators. Conclusion: Incidence of insomnia amongst medical students was significantly increased as a result of the stress of overachievement and late-night study sessions to achieve good grades and significantly higher as one's age increased. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce it to the entire sleeping period (8-12 hours) at night. Keywords: AIS scale, Insomnia, Medical students, Demographic
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