This study investigates the situation of households’ food security in Pakistan. Food security is a comprehensive concept surrounding the nature, security of the food supply, quality, food access problems, and proper food utilization. The world has been facing the contradiction of widespread food insecurity and undernutrition. Present studies indicated that Pakistan country is a low-income developing country with an income per capita. Pakistan is one of the lowest in the world, but it, in general, has the economic capability to import the required food. However, in Pakistan, most areas are still food insecure, mostly belonging to Sindh and Baluchistan provinces. This study observes the main features of determining Pakistan food security, particularly household income, household economic evaluation, employment status, household expenditure, section, region, head age, head gender, agriculture status, livestock status, etc. Are studied indicators to measure the household food security status, whether it has food secure or insecure? And want to look at what conclusions can practically be drawn out of analysis when conducted within a conceptual framework. In this study average daily kilocalories per capita consumed index is used to measure the household’s food security level. Ordinal logistic regression and multiple linear regression models are used for analysis. For ordinal logistic regression model divided the Pakistan households into four categories based on the food security index that is daily kilocalories per capita. The research of this study shows that the primarily peoples living in Baluchistan, Sindh lies in food insecurity. Some households of KPK province lie in the food insecurity category. For conducting this study (PSLM), 2018-2019 survey data is used for analysis. Classical ordinal logistic and multiple linear regression models and machine learning, which includes ordinal logistic regression and multiple linear regression models, are used to analyze household food security in Pakistan. The model is finalized for best prediction based on the minimum Standard Error of the coefficient. KEYWORDS: Food Security, Ordinal Logistic, Machine Learning, Supervised Machine Learning
Introduction: The most prevalent and severe type of mental disease, depression affects 60–70% of adults, primarily between the ages of 15 and 35. Not only are the patients affected by this terrible disorder, but also their care givers and families. It has long been known that depression often manifests as a variety of psychosomatic conditions, one of which is non-epileptic fits, which are typically more common in children and women than men. Therefore, the majority of patients who present to a psychiatric emergency room, outpatient department, or ward having non-epileptic fits have underlying depression. This was one of the few studies conducted on the prevalence of depression in patients experiencing non-epileptic fits in Pakistan, particularly in province, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Study Design and Study Area: In the psychiatry department of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, this descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Duration of Study: The duration of study was 06 months i.e. from 30th march, 2015 to 30th September, 2015. Materials and Methods: The study included 162 patients who presented to the hospital with non-epileptic fits and had ages ranging from 20 to 40 years. The study excluded non-consenting individuals, those with organic brain disorders, and those who had another psychiatric diagnosis already. On a proforma that was especially created, variables were recorded. The BDI depression scale was used to evaluate the depression screening process. Results: Of 193 patients, 162 met the requirements for study. The patients were estimated to have a mean age of 25.44 years, with a standard deviation of 14.25 years. Only 32 patients (20%) were female, while remaining 130 (80%) patient were male. Majority 88 (56%) individuals were uneducated. 46 people (32%) had education up to the primary level, 14 (8%) were matriculating, and 12 (4%) were graduates. 40 people (25%) were single, 94 people (58%) were wed, and 28 people (17%) were widows or widowers. 30 people (19%) were working and 132 (81%) were unemployed. 62 persons had been seeking care for more than 24 months, compared to 8 who had been doing so for less than 24 months, 20 persons for less than 18 months, 14 patients having duration of illness for less than 12 months and 12 patients of less than 6 months period of illness. Only when non-epileptic fits were linked to the depression (p value 0.004) was statistical significance observed. When depression was compared to the patient's gender, marital status, educational attainment, length of care, and occupation, there was no statistically significant difference. Conclusions: The majority of people who have non-epileptic fits also have depression. Age of onset of non-epileptic fits and depression are significantly correlated, whereas gender, educational level, marital status, occupation, length of illness, and patient's family history are not. Keyword: Psychological distress, depression, non-epileptic fits, KTH.
—Cooperative networking brings performance improvement to most of theissues in wireless networks, such as fading or delay due to slow stations. However, due tocooperation when data is relayed via other nodes, there network is more prone to attacks.Since, channel access is very important for cooperation, most of the attacks happens at MAC.One of the most critical attack is denial of service, which is reason of cooperation failure.Therefore, the cooperative network as well as simple wireless LAN must be defensive againstDOS attacks.In this article we analyzed all possible of DoS attacks that can happen at MAC layer ofWLAN. The cooperative protocols must consider defense against these attacks. This articlealso provided survey of available solutions to these attacks. At the end it described itsdamages and cost as well as how to handle these attacks while devising cooperative MAC.
Background: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic pain condition, frequently accompanied by psychological distress, including depression. Objectives: This study assessed association between depression and FMS, including its incidence, severity and its impact on quality of life. Methods: A cross-sectional investigation comprised 96 individuals diagnosed with fibromyalgia at Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan in 2021-22. Two questionnaires were used to assess their symptoms i.e. Widespread Pain Index and Symptom Severity Scale score. Depression was evaluated in patients through Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: We found that a significant proportion (p<0.05) had WPI score of more than 7 (48/96; 50%) and 76.04% patients had SSS score (p<0.05) of more than 5, confirming the depression in patients with fibromyalgia. Overall results suggested that the FMS affected patients suffered from moderate to severe levels of depression (47.91%) with HADS scores of 11-21 range Practical implication: The study will enable the patients and psychiatrics to diagnose the underlying causes of depression in patients affected with fibromyalgia. Conclusion: It was concluded that depression was the common comorbidity in patients with fibromyalgia; however, the exact link between the two conditions is not fully understood. Effective management of depression is crucial in improving the quality of life with fibromyalgia, as depression can exacerbate pain and other symptoms. Keywords: Cognitive dysfunction; Depression; Fibromyalgia; Pain.
Objectives: Obesity and high blood pressure are a well-known combination. Some studies Shows that development of hypertension in kids, teenagers, adults, which eventually led to heart disorders.We measured that blood pressure of 15 school-aged kids (ages 5–12) for 06 months, beginning in February 2019 to October 2019, while also providing Regular nutrition class and activities to assess the impact of nutrient as a routine life mediation on the kids' body composition, weight, and blood pressure school-aged children prevention programmer. In children and young children, obesity is an indisputably serious clinical problem. From 2001 to 2010, public research establish that the frequency of weighty in children increased from 6% to 14%. The consequences of adolescent obesity. Methodology: It was a cross- sectional study conducted in a hospital. The Department of Peads Medicine, P.E.M.H, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, conducted this descriptive case series. The research lasted a year. Over the course of a year, from February 2019 to October 2019, the number of children aged 5–12 years who were called in for a regular health check-up from around 100 patientswas lower normal blow cohorts than in the weighty and obese group. This shows a link between obesity and hypertension. During the hour of time spent in two groups, pulse levels decreased. Thiscould be the result of the personalized mediation or the children adjusting to the new situation. A large number of children were fearful. Results: Systolic pulse values can be seen in the results. In the standard group, fifteen children (10 M kids and 05 F kids) had circulatory strain in the 90th percentile or above in at least one calculation. In this study, 15 children (10 M kids and 5 kids F) in the intercession group reported increased cardiovascular strain in at least one estimate. Conclusion: Fat loss is the main-route antihypertensive therapy in children having high blood pressure caused by obesity. In addition, in the management of obesity-related high blood pressure, establishing heart-healthy life that take in daily bodily exercise also a food rich in berries and root vegetable, fibre, that is also low in complex carbohydrate and sweet cold drink critical. This may be problematic in children with stoutness, which is often associated with comorbid illnesses and depression and anxiety decreased flexibility. For maximum adequacy, a multidisciplinary approach is frequently expected. A small number of children will require antihypertensive medication. Both are not effective to lowering blood pressure in children. In any case, the reduced CV events observed in adults treated with RAAS inhibitors are promising. Keywords: Relationship; hypertension; obesity; children
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.