The aim of the this study was to study the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant activity of Chitosan nanoparticles synthesized by E. coli. Twenty five Sample and investigations were achieved during the period from November 2018 to April 2019. Wound infection samples were collected from Two different hospital in Najaf province (AL-Sadder medical city). The A5 (E.coli) efficient isolate. the isolate was diagnosed by convenatial and molecular methods. Molecular study showed the E,coli isolate gave positive results (1270bp) for 16s rRNA assay, Data of E. coli strain at the locus (MN197856), accession (MN197856), version (MN197856.1), defined as (Escherichia coli strain Kafeel-1 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. The results showed the gram positive bacteria highly resistante to novobiocin and nitrofurantion with the diameter of inhibition zone 27 and 20mm respectively, and low resistante to amoxicillin/calvulanic acid with the diameter of inhibition zone (0 mm). Where gram negative bacteria showed highly resistante to imipenem with the diameter of inhibition zone 22 mm. and low resistante to antibiotic includes ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin/calvulanic acid with the diameter of inhibition zone 5 and 0 mm respectively. Biogenic chitosan expressed high significant antibiofilm activity with increasing concentration of chitosan NPs. DPPH reducing activity of nanoparticles which increased with increase concentration of biogenic chitosan NPs.
Background: Checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1, PD-L1) are revolutionizing the oncology disease management process. Despite the fact that gastric cancer is a common malignancy with a poor prognosis, relatively little attention has been drawn and attracted to the treatment and diagnosis of this disease by using checkpoint inhibitor. James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo were awarded the the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for their developments in fundamental science enabling checkpoint inhibitor therapies. Checkpoint inhibitor overexpression has been related to gastric cancer progression and clues for developing therapeutic goals as well as may provide diagnostic markers for gastric cancer. Aims: The aims of this study are firstly to detection of Checkpoint Inhibitors (PD-1, PD-L1) as novel diagnostics and prognostics markers first time in the world. Secondly, to investigate the validity of using (a modified tissue ELISA method) as a rapid, sensitive, low cost and specific diagnostic method in patients with gastric cancer. Patients and methods: Thirty gastric cancer patients were among patients who attending the Histopathology section -GIT hospital and Histopathology department- Teaching laboratories/ medical city teaching complex Baghdad / Ministry of Health, during the period from August 2020 to April 2021. Another 30 patients diagnosed with benign tumor, In addition, 30 apparently healthy people were chosen as a healthy control group. For these three groups, PD-1, PD-L1, using tissue ELISA technique was carried out. Results: The current study showed that the mean values of PD-1 in tissues of gastric cancer patients (133.413±53.126) was significantly higher (P=0.0001) in it in comparison to both benign tumor group (29.905±12.634) and control healthy group (21.775±12.489); for PD-L1 that the mean values of PD-L1 in tissues of gastric cancer patients (151.175±47.641) was significantly higher (P=0.0001) in it in comparison to both benign tumor group (72.565±9.945) and control healthy group (82.102±12.642); using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) area, which showed that area under the curve for PD-1 was (1.000) (p value 0.0001), while area under the curve for PDL-1 was (0.913) (p value 0.0001) and The cut off value for PD-1 associated with highest sensitivity and specificity (100%) was 40.2 ng/ml. The cut off value for PDL-1 associated with sensitivity (80%) and specificity (80%) was 51.6ng/ml. Conclusions: The present study showed that Checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1, PD-L1) values were significantly higher in patients affect with malignant gastric adenocarcinoma which may check a possible role of this marker in the progressing of the disease, furthermore the maximum sensitivity obtained from Checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1, PD-L1) was by using a cut off values equal to (40.2 ng/ml; 51.6 ng/ml) respectively. Therefore, Checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1, PD-L1) may be promising diagnostic tools especially at early stages and among patients at in promotion risk. Keywords: Checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1, PD-L1), gastric cancer.
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