No abstract

The incidence of delayed OHT after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections was low and did not differ between injected and control eyes, including eyes with glaucoma. These results argue against a significant risk of IOP elevation because of repeated anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.

City-wide control and coordination of traffic flow can improve efficiency, fuel consumption, and safety. We consider the problem of controlling traffic lights under fixed and adaptive routing of vehicles in urban road networks. Multicommodity back-pressure algorithms, originally developed for routing and scheduling in communication networks, are applied to road networks to control traffic lights and adaptively reroute vehicles. The performance of the algorithms is analyzed using a microscopic traffic simulator. The results demonstrate that the proposed multi-commodity and adaptive routing algorithms provide significant improvement over a fixed schedule controller and a single-commodity back-pressure controller, in terms of various performance metrics, including queue-length, trips completed, travel times, and fair traffic distribution.

No abstract

PURPOSE-To evaluate the risk of and risk factors for hypopyon among patients with uveitis, and to evaluate the risk of visual changes and structural complications following hypopyon. DESIGN-Retrospective cohort study.PARTICIPANTS-Patients with uveitis at four academic ocular inflammation subspecialty practices. METHODS-Data were ascertained by standardized chart review.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES-Prevalence and incidence of hypopyon, risk factors for hypopyon, and incidence of visual acuity changes and of structural ocular complications following hypopyon.RESULTS-Among 4,911 patients with uveitis, 41 (8.3/1000) cases of hypopyon were identified at the time of cohort entry. Of these, 2,885 initially free of hypopyon were followed over 9,451 person-years, during which 81 (2.8%) developed hypopyon (8.57/1000 person-years). Risk factors Corresponding Author: John H. Kempen, M.D., Ph.D.; Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics; Department of Ophthalmology; University of Pennsylvania; 3535 Market Street, Suite 700; Philadelphia, PA 19104 john.kempen@uphs.upenn.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptOphthalmology. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 February 1. Published in final edited form as:Ophthalmology. CONCLUSIONS-Hypopyon is an uncommon occurrence in patients with uveitis. Risk factors included Behçet's disease, HLA-B27 positivity, and diagnosis of a spondyloarthropathy. Intermediate uveitis cases (+/− anterior uveitis) had lower risk of hypopyon than other forms of uveitis. On average, post-hypopyon eyes were no more likely than other eyes with uveitis to develop structural ocular complications or lose visual acuity.Hypopyon-layering of white blood cells in the anterior chamber-signifies severe anterior segment intraocular inflammation. The frequency of hypopyon has been described in two small to moderate-sized series of patients with various types of uveitis. D'Alessandro et al retrospectively reviewed 155 cases of acute anterior uveitis and found 11 (7%) cases of hypopyon (duration of follow-up not reported), 9 of which were associated with HLA-B27. 1 BenEzra et al reviewed 49 patients with Behçet's disease, finding that 17 (35%) developed hypopyon over 6-10 years of follow-up.2 The incidence of hypopyon for other forms of uveitis is unclear.Data regarding the risk factors for hypopyon and regarding its prognostic significance are limited. Nussenblatt et al reported that the occurrence of hypopyon did not worsen the visual prognosis of patients with Behçet's disease. 3 However, the relationship betw...

In this case series, pneumatic retinopexy was less effective for the repair of RRD than most large published reports. However, failure of pneumatic retinopexy followed by scleral buckle or pars plana vitrectomy did not negatively influence visual acuity at final follow up.

Background Sub-Saharan Africa bears a disproportionate burden of mortality from trauma. District hospitals, although not trauma centres, play a critical role in the trauma care system by serving as frontline hospitals. However, the clinical characteristics of patients receiving trauma care in African district hospitals remains under-described and is a barrier to trauma care system development. We aim to describe the burden of trauma at district hospitals by analysing trauma patients at a prototypical district hospital emergency centre. Methods An observational study was conducted in August, 2014 at Wesfleur Hospital, a district facility in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Data were manually collected from a paper registry for all patients visiting the emergency centre. Patients with trauma were selected for further analysis. Results Of 3299 total cases, 565 (17.1%) presented with trauma, of which 348 (61.6%) were male. Of the trauma patients, 256 (47.6%) were ages 18–34 and 298 (52.7%) presented on the weekend. Intentional injuries (assault, stab wounds, and gunshot wounds) represented 251 (44.4%) cases of trauma. There were 314 (55.6%) cases of injuries that were unintentional, including road traffic injuries. There were 144 (60%) intentionally injured patients that arrived overnight (7pm–7am). Patients with intentional injuries were three times more likely to be transferred (to higher levels of care) or admitted than patients with unintentional injuries. Conclusion This district hospital emergency centre, with a small complement of non-EM trained physicians and no trauma surgical services, cared for a high volume of trauma with over half presenting on weekends and overnight when personnel are limited. The high volume and rate of admission/ transfer of intentional injuries suggests the need for improving prehospital trauma triage and trauma referrals. The results suggest strengthening trauma care systems at and around this resource-limited district hospital in South Africa may help alleviate the high burden of post-trauma morbidity and mortality.

No abstract