The present study investigated the 1effects of both castration and manipulation of castrated1 subjects with 0.1 ml of 50µg/kg/day of testosterone at 3 weeks of age for 6 weeks on the pheromonal and histological structure of male mice preputial gland. The preputial gland results from the control intact group showed that six essential pheromonal compounds are present, whereas the glandular structure revealed well-developed acini with basement membrane and connective tissue around most of them. These findings also showed that castration has deleterious effects on the essential pheromonal compounds which are reduced to two compounds only (the α.-Farnesene and 1- Tetradecanol) as well as the histological sections from such subject appeared many atrophied vacuolated acini. On the other hand, treatment of castrated animals with such dose of testosterone did not show any marked effects on the essential pheromonal compounds but it was able to restore the activities of acinar development as showed by many hypertrophied alveoli.
Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a significant social and public health issue because the medications used to treat it can only manage the symptoms and halt the progression of the disease, not totally cure it. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between the blood level of IL-12 and SLE, as well as its consequences, such as lupus nephritis (LN), and its active or dormant condition, in Iraqi patients.Method: The study enrolled 90 SLE patients from AL-Sadar teaching hospital, with 66(73.3%) developing lupus nephritis (LN) and 24(26.7%) without LN. Additionally, there were 60 (90.9%) and 6 (9.1) active patients. Only 48 of 90 individuals tested positive for HBsAg, whereas 42(46.6%) tested positive for HBV. Each participant donated 5 ml of blood for anti-dsDNA and IL-12 testing.Results: In SLE patients with LN, IL-12 serum levels were considerably higher than in those without LN(p = 0.05). Different levels of IL-12 were found in the LN groups. Serum IL-12 concentrations were considerably lower in patients with HBV-associated SLE (3.41±0.85 pg/ml), non-HBV-associated SLE (2.05±0.66 pg/ml), and healthy controls (0.53±0.28 pg/ml). WBC count, ESR, anti-ds antibody, and ANA levels were all elevated in lupus patients and in the active groups.Conclusion: Our research established that SLE patients have elevated IL-12 levels. IL-12 levels were significantly greater in SLE with LN as compared to SLE without LN, and they differed significantly between lupus nephritis classes II, IV, and V. Finally, significant differences in IL-12 levels were seen between HBV and non-HBV SLE patients.
Ginger (Zingiber officinalis) is one of the frequently used spices in the world and medicinal plant, which has been used all over the world. This study was designed to investigate the role of aqueous ginger extract to inhibit the genotoxicity of methotrexate (MTX) in female albino mice by using these parameters: mitotic index (MI), chromosome aberrations (CA) and micronuclei formation (MNPCE) in somatic cells (bone marrow). The cytological protection of aqueous ginger extract (AGE) was performed at doses (25, 50) mg \ kg against MTX effects (0.5) mg/kg for three weeks exposure. The results revealed the high inhibitory effects of MTX for cell division in addition to induction of chromosome aberration with micronuclei formation, the absence of cytotoxicity for AGE at tested doses, and the inhibitory efficiency of AGE against the toxicity and mutagenicity of MTX, specially at the dose 50 mg\kg. From the results we can concluded that the AGE has a promising role in the protection of somatic cells from cytotoxic effects of methotrexate.
Introduction: The scientific definition of Wound is the disruption of various characteristics of the anatomical, functional and cellular continuity of a living tissue. Platelet-rich plasma is a natural occurring blood element that contains a vast amount of platelets in a noticeable volume. The sole function of PRP is a protective mechanism which acts as an adhesive material to maintain hemostatic and tissue properties, it also acts as an immediate hemostatic agent in surgical applications being biocompatible, safe, and effective. The sole aim of this study is to investigate the effect of PRP combined with multivitamins on the regeneration process of superficial rat skin. Methodology: Thirty male rats were used in this experiment and were divided into 3 groups control n= 10, PRP n =10 and PRP and multivitamins n=10. Each group was subjected to a skin wound and received and a treatment of 1 mil of PRP only or 1 mil PRP and 1 mil multivitamins. Control groups received nothing. Wound size was measured for 15 days. Wound site was surgically removed and processed for histological examination after 15 days. Results: Wound area was reduced in all animal groups over time. There is a more significant increase (P>0.05) between treated rats with PRP and multivitamins injections and control groups on day 15 of the experiment. The results also show a significant increase (P>0.05) in wound size between PRP treated rats and control groups beginning on day 5 of the experiment. There was no statistical significance (P=0.05) in wound size between PRP treated rats and control rats in the first 5 days post wound initiation. Tissue from PRP treated rats shows normal histological appearance of both dermal and epidermal layers however there is a thickened stratum corneum indication of scar formation. Histological examination of PRP and multivitamin treated wounds shows normal histological architecture with normal dermal and epidermal appearance. Conclusion: Overall PRP and multivitamin administration subcutaneously in wound sites of male rats shows improvement and restoration of histological architecture. Reduction in wound site was reduced significantly in comparison with other groups.
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