Present study was included the assessment of biological activity of Pomegranate Peels Punica granaatum plant extract toward fourth Culex quinquefasciatus larvae mosquito (Order: Diptera, Family: Culicidae) by testing ethanolic and Silver nanoparticles extracts. Results of present study revealed that Silver nanoparticles extract was more toxic than ethanolic extract and the mortality rates were reached to 90 % after 72 h exposure time when it treated with 5 µg/ml compared to 0% at control treatments. Ethanolic extract also was toxic at concentration 5 µg/ml and mortality rates were reached to 80% after 72 h exposure time. Study of larvae after death showed that penetration of Silver nanoparticles extract was entered inside mid gut of larvae after damage of body wall. SEM analysis indicated to that more deformation found in body wall thus AgNPs were easily penetration through skin of fourth larvae. SEM analysis also was showed that Silver nanoparticles were clustered and irregular or oval shapes.
Chronic renal failure is a condition in which the kidneys gradually lose their ability to function because of the gradual loss of their parenchyma. This study aimed to detect some hematological and biochemical parameters in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) attending a hemodialysis center. A cross-sectional study included a review of (89) cases of chronic kidney disease at Al-Hakeem Hospital's dialysis center in Najaf from September 7th to October 16th, 2021. The collected data were analyzed using Office Excel and SPSS-23. Variables were analyzed by frequencies, proportions, and percentages. The current study discovered that males had longer sequences than females, and that patients in rural areas had longer sequences than those in urban areas. In the current study, blood Sug, B. Urea, S. Crea, K, Na, Cl, Ca+2, Alb, and Tpro levels did not differ significantly between males and females with renal failure, whereas HB and TCA levels did. At last, we recommend people conduct an early medical examination for kidney disease, especially those who suffer from symptoms such as low urine output, swelling of the legs, fatigue, tachycardia, and others, to obtain early treatment.
DNA topoisomerases are ubiquitous, enzymes needed to control topological problems encountered during DNA replication, transcription, recombination and maintenance of genomic stability. They proved to be valuable targets for cancer chemotherapy. The seeds alkaloids extract of Rue plant (Peganum harmala L. Zygophyllaceae) were fractioned by high performance liquid chromatography as a suitable technique, HPLC waters company, gradient, Nova-Pak, C18*, 4µm, 3.9x150mm, mobile phase ACN-water pH10.7. Thirty-four separate solution depending on the retention time of eluents. The aim of this study is to investigate the trace compounds relatively and used as inhibitors for the topoisomerase II enzyme, the study the poison and suppressor model inhibitions and the synergy and antagonism activity of fractions. The visicinone, harmine, visicine and harmaline, were (2.86, 0.75, 13.14, and 16.62 mg/100mg of plant powder. The harmine ˃vicicinone˃ harmaline˃ vicicine as enzyme inhibitors. The unknown trace compounds gave the best inhibition relatively, the alkaloid fractions gave higher inhibitory units of fraction effective (FE). Results of seeds alkaloid fractions showed that the FE in state of fraction mixture was 36% inhibitory units, while summation of FE of each fraction alone gave higher level than their mixture, where sum of FE of them was 1229% inhibitory units. The suppressor inhibition model according to highest percent of the remain supercoiled DNA plasmid than production of linear and open nicked circular with high value in F8 (84%), the poisons inhibition model activity according to the highest percent of linear and nicked open circular DNA plasmid with high level in F31 (88%). There are a trace compounds within some fraction but that the effectiveness of inhibitory relatively higher than known compounds (harmine, vicisinone, harmaline, and vicisine), this can be purified and used as somewhat better inhibitors. There is antagonism activity among seed alkaloids fractions. The all fractions showed a poison and a suppressor model inhibition action in varies percentage, the suppressor inhibition appear in high value in F8 (84%), while the poisons inhibition model gave high level in F31 (88%).
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