As the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads, new data emerge and understanding of the disease improves. Reports associated with children are growing but still scarce. [1][2][3] The epicenter of the epidemic has displaced to Europe. The first case in Spain was declared on January 31, 2020, and the first case in the Madrid region was declared on

Some clusters of children with a multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (MIS-C) have been reported. We describe the epidemiological and clinical features of children with MIS-C in Spain. MIS-C is a potentially severe condition that presents in children with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Objective Respiratory tract infections are among the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acute bronchiolitis (AB) is the leading cause of hospital admission among infants. Clinical scores have proven to be inaccurate in predicting prognosis. Our aim was to build a score based on findings of lung ultrasound (LU) performed at admission, to stratify patients at risk of needing respiratory support (non‐invasive and invasive ventilation). Study design Prospective, multicenter study including infants <6 months of age admitted with AB. Point‐of‐care LU was performed on admission, and a score was calculated based on ultrasound findings (presence and localization of B lines, B line confluence and/or consolidations) and clinical data. Main outcome was need of respiratory support. Results A total of 145 patients were included in the study, with a median age of 1.7 months [IQR: 1.2‐2.8], 47.6% were female. Mean duration of symptoms prior to admission was 3.1 days (SD 1.8). Fifty‐six patients (39%) required non‐invasive ventilation (NIV), 14 (9.7%) were transferred to PICU, and 3 needed invasive ventilation (3/145). Identification of at least one posterior consolidation >1 cm was the main factor associated to NIV (RR 4.4; [CI95%1.8‐10.8]) The LU score built according to the findings on admission showed an AUC: 0.845(CI95%:0.78‐0.91). A score ≥3.5 showed a sensitivity of 89.1% (CI95%:78.2‐94.9%) and specificity of 56% (CI95%: 45.3‐66.1%) Conclusions Among infants below 6 months of age admitted with AB, point‐of‐care LU was a helpful tool to identify patients at risk of needing respiratory support.

Early ART initiation and a higher proportion of time suppressed are linked with lower total HIV-1 DNA. Early ART start and improving adherence in perinatally HIV-1 infected children minimize the size of viral reservoir.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License 4.0 (CCBY-NC), where it is permissible to download, share, remix, transform, and buildup the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be used commercially without permission from the journal.

Se ha descrito un nuevo síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico pediátrico vinculado a SARS-CoV-2. Este cuadro presenta una expresividad clínica variable y se asocia a infección activa o reciente por SARS-CoV-2. En este documento se revisa la literatura existente por parte de un grupo multidisciplinar de especialistas pediátricos. Posteriormente, se realizan recomendaciones sobre estabilización, diagnóstico y tratamiento de este síndrome.

Categorical variables are compared using the χ 2 or Fisher tests, and continuous variables using Wilcoxon ranksum test. Significant P values (<0.05) are in bold.*The syndromic diagnosis was not recorded in 19 cases diagnosed in previous waves; percentages and P values are calculated omitting those cases.

A high proportion of hospitalized children received prophylactic BSAs. This represents a clear target for quality improvement. Collectively speaking, it is critical to reduce total prophylactic prescribing, BSA use, and prolonged prescription.