Cruz, LC, Teixeira-Araujo, AA, Andrade, KTP, Rocha, TCOG, Puga, GM, and Moreira, SR. Low intensity resistance exercise reduces hyperglycemia and enhances glucose control over a 24-hour period in women with type 2 diabetes. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2826–2835, 2019—The study herein aimed to compare glucose concentration and hyperglycemic responses of 24 hours after resistance exercise (RE) performed in different intensities in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Twelve women with T2D (55.2 ± 4.0 years; 70.1 ± 11.4 kg; and 155.7 ± 3.3 cm) performed 4 experimental sessions divided into 2 blocks separated by 7 days and in randomized order: block-A (session-1: control-CONT40% and session-2: RE40% of one repetition maximum [1RM] test) and block-B (session-3: CONT80% and session-4: RE80%1RM). The RE sessions were performed over 40 minutes with 3 circuits of 7 exercises each, with 40%1RM and 80%1RM with 16 and 8 repetitions for each set, respectively. Glucose was monitored over 24 hours after each experimental session through continuous glucose-monitoring system. One-way ANOVA for repeated measures showed that area under the curve of glucose concentration was reduced (p ≤ 0.05) after RE40%1RM (193.738 ± 33.186 mg·dl−1 × 1.380 min−1) when compared with CONT40% (263.937 ± 26.665 mg·dl−1 × 1.380 min−1), CONT80% (254.721 ± 35.836 mg·dl−1 × 1.380 min−1), and RE80%1RM (263.966 ± 62.795 mg·dl−1 × 1.380 min−1). Hyperglycemia (>160 mg·dl−1) was less prevalent (p ≤ 0.05) during the total period after RE40%1RM (20.8 ± 21.2%) when compared with CONT40% (77.4 ± 18.3%), CONT80% (69.4 ± 24.6%), and RE80%1RM (66.0 ± 33.7%). There was a lower hyperglycemic state in RE40%1RM (p ≤ 0.05) vs. CONT40%, CONT80%, and RE80%1RM after breakfast (1:25 ± 0:54 vs. 4:00 ± 0:00, 3:40 ± 0:53, and 3:25 ± 1:09 hours, respectively), lunch (1:25 ± 2:03 vs. 4:55 ± 0:17, 4:25 ± 1:26, and 3:40 ± 2:06 hours, respectively), and dinner (0:15 ± 0:27 vs. 3:15 ± 0:45, 3:25 ± 0:47, and 2:50 ± 1:31 hours, respectively). During the sleeping period, there was a lower hyperglycemic state (p ≤ 0.05) in RE40%1RM (0:20 ± 0:39 hours) vs. RE80%1RM (4:05 ± 3:08 hours). A single low-intensity RE40%1RM decreases hyperglycemic prevalence over a 24-hour period and ameliorates glucose control after meals and in sleeping periods in women with T2D.

No abstract

Background No study has investigated the alterations in the flexibility of beginners using an experimental protocol with basic techniques of Capoeira. Purpose To analyze the effects of 8 weeks of Capoeira progressive training program on the flexibility of beginners. Methods Twenty-one individuals divided in two groups (Capoeira: n = 13; 26.1 ± 7.2 years; 22.7 ± 2.7 kg m 2(-1) and control: n = 08; 27.1 ± 0.5 years; 24.3 ± 3.3 kg m 2(-1) ) participated in the study. The Capoeira group performed 8 weeks of Capoeira progressive training program (two sessions per week lasting 60 min each). The experimental protocol used was exclusively based on the basic techniques of a programmed Capoeira training system. Before and after the intervention, measurements were performed aiming to analyze (1) trunk flexion flexibility through a sit-and-reach test using a Wells' Bench (WB tf ), (2) passive tension (PT hf ), and (3) maximum amplitude of hip flexion (MA hf ) through goniometry. Results A two-way ANOVA revealed a main effect of group by time interaction to PT hf (F = 11.797; P = 0.003; g p 2 = 0.383) and MA hf (F = 9.650; P = 0.006; g p 2 = 0.337).No significant main effect of group by time interaction occurred to WB tf (F = 3.320; P = 0.084; g p 2 = 0.149). The relative changes (D %) before and after the intervention in both groups showed that the Capoeira group significantly differed to the control group in the PT hf (Capoeira: 46.2 ± 29.9 % vs. control: 5.7 ± 27.6 %; P = 0.003) and MA hf (Capoeira: 22.4 ± 24.5 % vs. control: -6.1 ± 13.1 %; P = 0.006). Conclusion Eight weeks of Capoeira progressive training program resulted in a significant improvement in angular flexibility for beginners.

No abstract

Purpose This paper aims to verify the effect of 12 weeks of grape juice (GJ) consumption associated with aerobic exercise on the variation of the hypertensive elderly pressure. Design/methodology/approach A total of 45 hypertensive elderly of both sexes were distributed into: control group (CG, n = 10), exercise group (EG, n = 10), juice group (JG, n = 12) and juice and exercise group (JEG, n = 13). Blood pressure and heart rate were checked weekly before exercise in JG and JEG, and before and after intervention in all groups, with JG and JEG supplemented with 200 mL of GJ. Three weekly sessions of moderate walking were applied. Findings There was a reduction in EG, JG and JEG for systolic pressure and diastolic only for JG and JEG. The GJ consumption to the practice of aerobic exercise provided reductions in the arterial pressure of hypertensive, in addition to stabilization of the diastolic pressure. Research limitations/implications Although the objective of the study was to compare the effect and value of intervention with controls, the study had no intervention in food consumption, which could have led to more significant results. There was a limitation in the control drink, leading the study not to be blind, which may have impaired the results. However, it is probably not a bias, as the groups were divided by residence area, and therefore, had no direct contact with the other groups. Another limitation was that the sample size was still small, which would lead to more reliable results. Finally, although the existing limitations cannot be disregarded, the results of this research are very promising, especially when the objective is the effect of GJ and aerobic exercise on blood pressure, with the possibility of implementing supplemental GJ and the inclusion or not of exercise to the hypertensive elderly. Originality/value The paper deals with the benefits of GJ consumption associated with aerobic physical exercise on the blood pressure of elderly hypertensive patients. Considering that GJ along with physical exercise was enough to reduce the blood pressure of hypertensive elderly, this may be a new model to be used to reduce and/or control blood pressure, and GJ and the exercise to be part of the daily life of the population.

The aim of this study was to characterize the psychophysiological demand in different capoeira performances. Eleven experienced capoeira practitioners underwent the following procedures in different days: 1) anamnesis and anthropometric measurements; 2) aerobic performance assessment; 3 to 5) performances of 90 seconds in three capoeira styles (Angola, Benguela and São Bento), which were performed in randomized controlled cross-over design. The psychophysiological demand was assessed through the heart rate (HR), R-R interval (RRi), blood pressure (BP), blood lactate ([Lac]), blood glucose ([Gluc]), rating perceived effort (RPE), feeling scale (FS) and perceived activation (PA). Descriptive statistics with mean and standard deviation was performed. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test was used. The Angola demand was between 56–71% maximal HR with [Lac]PEAK: 6.9±2.9 mM, RPEPEAK: 10.0±2.2 pts and FS: 2.7±1.7 pts, while in the Benguela participants reached 64–85% maximal HR with [Lac]PEAK: 9.5±3.0 mM, RPEPEAK: 11.0±2.8 pts and FS: 2.1±1.6 pts and for São Bento between 69–102% maximal HR with [Lac]PEAK: 15.7±2.6 mM, RPEPEAK: 15.5±4.1 pts and FS: -0.8±3.0 pts. Interaction time*performance occurred to [Lac] (F = 42.157; p<0.001), HR (F = 12.154; p<0.001), RRi (F = 4.774; p<0.001), parasympathetic modulation-rMSSD (F = 3.189; p<0.01), [Gluc] (F = 2.152; p<0.05), RPE (F = 5.855; p<0.01), FS (F = 2.448; p<0.05) and PA (F = 3.893; p<0.05). We concluded that São Bento rhythm resulted in a greater physiological demand according to the HR, [Lac] and cardiac autonomic indicators, with the Benguela rhythm being intermediate while the Angola rhythm presented a reduced demand. The [Gluc] increased after the São Bento rhythm when compared to the other rhythms. The perceptual demand presented increased in terms of RPE and PA variables and decreased in terms of FS when the São Bento performance was analyzed in comparison to the Angola and/or Benguela in capoeira.

Objetivo: Verificar a sensibilidade do frequencímetro Polar® RS800CX na varia-ção postural a partir da frequência cardíaca (FC) e parâmetros da variabilidade da FC (VFC). Método: Homens jovens (n=20) saudáveis tiveram registradas as medidas de FC e dos intervalos R-R da VFC (RRi) nos domínios do tempo (RRi, RMSSD, pNN50) e da frequência (LF, HF e LF.HF-1) utilizando o Polar® RS800CX. Resultados: Diferenças (p<0,05) foram encontradas para Posição Supina (PS) 5' e PS10' vs. Posição Ortostática (PO) 5' e PO10' para FC (61,1±1,1 e 61,0±1,3 bpm vs. 79,5±3,9 e 80,8±3,5 bpm), RRi (990,0±19,9 e 994,5±23,2 ms vs. 787,4±34,0 e 768,6±30,1 ms), rMSSD (70,5±8,4 e 71,1±8,5 ms vs. 32,2±3,4 e 30,7±3,7 ms), pNN50 (41,1±6,0 e 46,3±5,3% vs. 15,4±2,5 e 14,3±2,6%), LF (52,3±6,4 e 55,4±6,5 n.u. vs. 82,0±4,2 e 80,7±4,8 n.u.), HF (47,7±6,4 e 44,6±6,5 n.u. vs. 18,0±4,2 e 19,3±4,8 n.u.) e LF.HF-1(2,9±0,8 e 3,1±0,8 vs. 14,1±2,9 e 14,3±3,1). Conclusão: O frequencímetro Polar®RS800CX se apresentou sensível a variações na postura corporal.

Introduction: It is necessary to investigate the interrelation between physical exercise and aromatherapy, regarding cardiovascular and affective functions of human. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise (AE) and eucalyptus essential oil (EO) in cardiovascular and affective responses. Methods: Twelve adults (19-39 years) performed in a randomized order in different days: 1. AE session; 2. Inhalation of EO session; 3. AE + EO session and; 4. Control session. In each session remained at rest over 15min plus 5min to inhaling EO or blank air in Control session. The AE was 15 min run/walk at 80-85% of maximum heart rate. After recovery (30 min) the Cold Pressor Test (CPT) was applied. At rest, recovery and during CPT were measured cardiovascular and affective variables. Results: The variation of systolic blood pressure in the CPT was attenuated by AE + EO (12.3 ± 14.9 mmHg) and EO (12.6 ± 6.7 mmHg) compared to Control (17.3 ± 6.5 mmHg; P < 0.05). AE + EO increased pleasure in recovery (1′ = 1.2 ± 1.9 pts and 30′= 0.6 ± 1.1 pts) and reduced displeasure in stress (-3.4 ± 1.7 pts) when compared to Control in recovery (1′= -0.5 ± 1.4 pts and 30′= -0.7 ± 1.5 pts, respectively; P < 0.05) and stress (-4.6 ± 1.8 pts; P < 0.05). Conclusions: We conclude that aerobic exercise and eucalyptus essential oil attenuated cardiovascular responses and modulated the affect on recovery and stress.