Controlling reaction temperature for a set time enables the size of gold nanoparticles autoreduced on the surface of polyaniline nanofibers to be controlled. The size of the gold nanoparticles can be used to tune the electrical bistable memory effect in gold/polyaniline nanofiber composite devices. Turn-on voltages and on/off ratios improve with decreasing nanoparticle size, making this a promising method to enhance performance and create smaller devices. Long-term stability of the composites can be improved by the addition of stabilizers following autoreduction of the gold nanoparticles.

We demonstrate here the utilization of ultrasonication during template-assisted electrodeposition to synthesize high quality one-dimensional nanostructures. Copper sulfide nanorods were synthesized "sonoelectrochemically" to achieve single-crystal nanorods with predominantly single stoichiometric composition (1.0:1.0 Cu:S). Structural characterization by HRTEM, SAD, EDS reveals that nanorods have fully crystalline hexagonal covellite (CuS) structure, which is topotactically intergrown with minor amounts of nanometer size domains of cubic Cu 1.8 S. Nanorods in the range of 50-200 nm in diameter were produced and electrically characterized as p-type semiconductors.

We have developed a substrate-based bottom-up approach to assemble two different color emitting quantum dots (CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs) on the surface of a novel virus mutant, CPMV-T184C. Electrical characteristics of individual hybrids were investigated by conductive atomic force microscopy for potential digital memory applications (i.e., RAM). These individual 40 nm CPMV-QD(1,2) hybrids exhibited reversible bistable electrical behavior during repeatable writing-reading-erasing processes at the nanoscale.

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