Selected taxa of Hypoxylon from the Northern hemisphere were compared with numerous type and authentic specimens of H. fuscum, H. rubiginosum, and presumably related taxa. Besides morphological analyses, we used secondary metabolite profiles based on high performance liquid chromatography, coupled with diode array detection and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD/MS). Chemotaxonomic studies on the Nitschke and Persoon types of the above names and further ancient type specimens turned out to be rather conclusive. Along with the information provided in the world monograph of Hypoxylon by Ju and Rogers, the results of our HPLC profiling studies are regarded as key asset to provide a better overview on the diversity and biogeography of these species complexes. The utility of this approach is demonstrated by a study on Hypoxylon in the Canary Islands. From a
A taxonomic study of Nemania Gray, Entoleuca Syd. and Euepixylon Füisting (= Nemania s.l.; Xylariaceae) was carried out for the Nordic countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark. No species of Nemania have been found in the remaining Norden: Iceland and the Faeroes. Fourteen species of Nemania s. str. were found in the area: Nemania aenea, N. aureolutea comb. n., N. atropurpurea, N. carbonacea, N. chestersii, N. colliculosa comb. n., N. con.fluens, N. diffusa, N. effusa, N. prava n. sp., N. reticulata comb. n., N. serpens, and two unknown species (Nemania spp. A and B) not formally described because of scanty material. In addition the two split-outs fromNemania, Entoleuca mammata andEuepixylon udum, are treated. A dichotomous key has been prepared and the species are reviewed alphabetically with comments on taxonomy, ecology and chorology. All species have been drawn, photographed and mapped. In addition to conventional taxonomic procedures, a selection of species from Nemania s.l., Biscogniauxia and Hypoxylon were subjected to an ITS nrDNA sequencing study. This study supported the delimitation of taxa as defined in this work, and confirms Nemani a as different from Hypoxylon and Biscogniauxia. Four EuropeanNemania taxa are still unknown in Norden: Nemania gwyneddii (Whalley, R.L. Edwards & S.M. Francis) Pouzar, N. illita (Schwein.) Pouzar, Nemania serpens (Pers.: Fr.) Gray var. macrospora (J.H. Mill.) Pouzar. The fourth taxon, Hypoxylon terricola J.H. Mill. certainly also belongs to Nemania.
The anatomy and ontogeny of the rare Cryptomyces maximus have previously been in-VXI¿FLHQWO\ NQRZQ DQG SRRUO\ FRPPXQLFDWHG ,W LV KHUH GHVFULEHG DQG LOOXVWUDWHG LQ GHtail based on recently collected material from Norway in different states of development. 7KH FRQQHFWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH VH[XDO DQG DQDPRUSK VWDJH LV YHUL¿HG E\ PROHFXODU GDWDThe parasitism and its role as a pathogen is treated and discussed, as well as its common types of habitat based on our observations in North Norway. Its distribution in Norden is mapped. Finds of this colourful and large ascomycete in this area are curiously few and occasional, and many of those date a century or so back in time. The species also appears to be rare on a global scale. We think the reason for the scattered records both in time and space has been lack of knowledge of its ecology and how it appears in nature.
The Norwegian species of Hypoxylon have been treated with respect to their ecology, morphology and taxonomy. Their host trees have been identified and percentage frequency of each host and substrate type (bark/wood) calculated. Ecologically the species are grouped according to their saprobic ability, and to their preferred hosts and substrates (bark or wood). From a chorological point of view the species are grouped into three different geoelements according to the distributional centre for each species in Norway, thereby also taking into consideration the total Nordic distribution. Complete locality lists for each species are given and a key to all Nordic species is presented. Twelve species of Hypoxylon have so far been recognized in Norway: Hypoxylon cercidicola, H. cohaerens, H.fragiforme, H.fuscum, H. howeianum, H. laschii, H. macrosporum, H. multiforme, H. porphyreum, H. rubiginosum, H. salicicola and H. vogesiacum. Two species belong to Hypoxylon sect. Annulata: Hypoxylon cohaerens and Hypoxylon multiforme, the remainder belong to Hypoxylon sect. Hypoxylon. Two new species are described: H. porphyreum and H. sa/icicola. In a previous treatment of Nordic species of Biscogniauxia and Hypoxylon, Hypoxylon cercidicola and H. salicico/a were included in and reported as H. rubiginosum and H. rutilum, respectively, while H. porphyreum was included in H. juscum. Hypoxylon macrosporum and H. laschii, by several authors considered as varieties of H. vogesiacum and H. rubiginosum, respectively, are treated as species.
A detailed study of the closely related Albatrellus syringae (Parmasto) Pouzar and A. peckianus (Cke.) Niemela revealed differences in anatomy, which, in addition to those already known, may be of help in species determination. Thus the cutis of the cap, and the tissue structures of the stipe, can help in a more secure discrimination. Both species are saprobic, and A. syringae probably also can act as a root necrotroph. Albatrellus syringae, an expanding taxon in North Europe since the 1960s, has also emerged in southern Europe, in the Russian Far East, and in northern and western North America. Albatrellus peckianus seems to be an merican endemism, di stributed within the North American hardwood forests including the Great Lake Region. Both species are mapped on a world scale. Some vouchers from other parts of the world, claimed to be of A. peckianus, did not possess the anatomical features specific to it. Although resembling A. peckianus, or A. syringae, they represent taxa unknown to us.
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