The genus Nemania s.l. (Xylariaceae) in Norden

Abstract

A taxonomic study of Nemania Gray, Entoleuca Syd. and Euepixylon Füisting (= Nemania s.l.; Xylariaceae) was carried out for the Nordic countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark. No species of Nemania have been found in the remaining Norden: Iceland and the Faeroes. Fourteen species of Nemania s. str. were found in the area: Nemania aenea, N. aureolutea comb. n., N. atropurpurea, N. carbonacea, N. chestersii, N. colliculosa comb. n., N. con.fluens, N. diffusa, N. effusa, N. prava n. sp., N. reticulata comb. n., N. serpens, and two unknown species (Nemania spp. A and B) not formally described because of scanty material. In addition the two split-outs fromNemania, Entoleuca mammata andEuepixylon udum, are treated. A dichotomous key has been prepared and the species are reviewed alphabetically with comments on taxonomy, ecology and chorology. All species have been drawn, photographed and mapped. In addition to conventional taxonomic procedures, a selection of species from Nemania s.l., Biscogniauxia and Hypoxylon were subjected to an ITS nrDNA sequencing study. This study supported the delimitation of taxa as defined in this work, and confirms Nemani a as different from Hypoxylon and Biscogniauxia. Four EuropeanNemania taxa are still unknown in Norden: Nemania gwyneddii (Whalley, R.L. Edwards & S.M. Francis) Pouzar, N. illita (Schwein.) Pouzar, Nemania serpens (Pers.: Fr.) Gray var. macrospora (J.H. Mill.) Pouzar. The fourth taxon, Hypoxylon terricola J.H. Mill. certainly also belongs to Nemania.

Fungi Detected in the Previous Year’s Leaf Petioles of Fraxinus excelsior and Their Antagonistic Potential against Hymenoscyphus fraxineus

“…Among the reasons for fewer taxa being detected in situ are that: (i) some fungi do not produce fruit bodies in their life cycle, (ii) some fungi produce filamenous anamorphs rather than teleomorphs, and (iii) yeast forms may dominate in situ [93]. Some taxa detected produce fruit bodies on ash leaves less often than on other substrates, such as tree logs, branches and stumps (e.g., Coniochaeta, Nemania, Peniophora, Trametes, Xylaria) or on tree stems and twigs (e.g., Cytospora pruinosa, Diplodia fraxini) [94][95][96][97][98].…”

“…Representatives of the Xylariales on F. excelsior petioles only sporadically produced stromata with conidia and were detected only on the basis of isolation, although numerous species from this order form fruit bodies on wood of many species of broad-leaved trees [95,96]. They are common endophytes in young leaflets and petioles of F. excelsior and other species of broad-leaved trees [81,95,99,117].…”

Note on the genus Nemania (Xylariaceae) – first records and a new species of the genus from Iran

“…In addition to the sequences retrieved from GenBank, ITS sequences of the holotype of N. prava and of the neotype of N. serpens were manually transcribed from the ITS alignment published as colour figure appendix 3 in Granmo et al (1999), because these sequences have not been deposited in a public sequence repository. In addition, to have the ITS sequences of Granmo et al (1999) available for further studies, the transcribed ex-type sequences were also submitted to GenBank (ex-neotype sequence of N. colliculosa: OP289676, ex-holotype sequence of N. prava: OP289674, ex-neotype sequence of N. serpens: OP289675). To reveal the phylogenetic position of the Iranian Nemania accessions, the newly-generated sequences were aligned with the GenBank sequences.…”

“…Maximum Likelihood (ML) analyses were performed with RAxML (Stamatakis 2006) as implemented in raxmlGUI 1.3 (Silvestro and Michalak 2012) using the 3 ITS sequence originally not deposited in a sequence repository, but published as colour figure (Appendix 3) in Granmo et al (1999); manually transcribed sequence deposited in GenBank in this study.…”

“…Hsieh et al 2010) that clearly revealed close affinities of Nemania to Xylaria and other genera with geniculosporium-like anamorphs. The most important monographs on the genus by Granmo et al (1999) and Ju and Rogers (2002), however, still relied on morphological characters and many of the 37 taxa that were recognised by these authors have not yet been characterised by DNA sequence data.…”