With a growing demand for the availability of inexpensive,
simple,
and rapid prototyped devices, the prospect of miniaturization of the
reference electrodes using printing techniques becomes promising.
A stable and reusable full-inkjet-printed solid-state reference electrode
(IPRE) was developed. The reference electrode was fully produced by
consecutive inkjet printing of several layers. Ag ink was printed
and chlorinated by NaClO printing, forming a Ag/AgCl pseudoreference
electrode. Then a surface protection by printing a Cl–-saturated polyvinyl butyral membrane finally gave a reference electrode
that demonstrated an outstanding performance comparable to commercial
ones. This full inkjet printing fabrication strategy will improve
the viability of producing low-cost miniaturized reference electrodes
with interest in many electrochemical sensor-dependent areas.
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