Stable Full-Inkjet-Printed Solid-State Ag/AgCl Reference Electrode

Moya, Ana; Pol, Roberto; Martínez-Cuadrado, Alfonso; Villa, Rosa; Gabriel, Gemma; Baeza, Mireia

doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03441

Cited by 53 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…A good method to fabricate fully inkjet printed Ag/AgCl reference electrodes has been described by Moya et al 92 NovaCentrix, Metalon (JS-B40G, Austin, TX) silver ink was used to print the silver layers on Kapton substrate and then sintered at 250 C for 30 min. Then, PriElex Microchem (Westborough, MA) SU-8 ink was printed on top of the silver layers for passivation and then sintered 250 C for 50 min.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Ag/agcl Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully inkjet-printed multilayered graphene-based flexible electrodes for repeatable electrochemical response

et al. 2020

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Section: Fabrication Of Ag/agcl Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully inkjet-printed multilayered graphene-based flexible electrodes for repeatable electrochemical response

et al. 2020

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“…This is due to its stable potential and the inexpensive and simple manufacturing process . Additionally, compared to other options like the saturated calomel electrode, it is relatively nontoxic. , This reference electrode is made by anodizing a silver wire in a solution of Cl – ions to form insoluble AgCl on the surface of the wire. The wire is then encased in a glass or plastic tube containing KCl (usually 1–3 M or saturated) with a porous frit that separates the reference electrode compartment from the working electrode compartment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Leakless, Bipolar Reference Electrodes: Fabrication, Performance, and Miniaturization

Walker

Dick

2021

Anal. Chem.

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Reference electrodes must maintain a well-defined potential for long periods of time to be useful. The silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) reference electrode is arguably the most widely used reference electrode, but it leaks silver and chloride ions into the sample solution through the porous frit over time. Further, the porous frit makes miniaturization to the micro-and nanoscale challenging. Here, we present an alternative, where the traditional Ag/AgCl reference electrode porous frit is replaced by a conductive wire, preventing ion leakage and allowing miniaturization to the microscale. Charge balance is maintained through a closed bipolar electrochemical mechanism, where faradaic processes occur on each end of the sealed wire. Using the above design, we demonstrate the efficacy of the leakless, bipolar reference electrode (BPRE) and miniaturize it to the microscale (μ-leakless BPRE). Importantly, we demonstrate that leakless and μ-leakless BPREs behave the same as commercial reference electrodes during potentiometric measurements and leakless BPREs perform similarly during voltammetric measurements on ultramicroelectrodes. We demonstrate that the drift during voltammetry using a leakless BPRE on a macroelectrode is slightly more appreciable compared to the drift seen with a commercial reference electrode. We detail design principles for the use of leakless BPREs in nonaqueous solvents and in sealing other conductive materials (e.g., gold and carbon). Using mass spectrometry, we show that the maximum leakage of methylene blue is 0.36 fmol/s, at least 2 orders of magnitude smaller than that of commercial reference electrodes. Finally, we demonstrate the efficacy of using leakless BPREs in potentiometric glucose sensing.

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“…Another approach for an inkjet-printed dissolved oxygen sensor, investigated by Moya et al [105], composes printed electrodes on a paper-based substrate (thickness: 65 μm and porosity: 80%). In addition, Moya et al [106] report a stable fully inkjet-printed solid-state silver/silver chloride reference electrode, printed with four different materials-silver, SU-8, sodium hypochlorite, and polyvinyl butyral-on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. In Section 4.1.1, PDMS is suggested as membrane material.…”

Section: Fabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Ozone Sensor Technology for Medical Applications

et al. 2020

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There is increasing interest in the utilisation of medical gases, such as ozone, for the treatment of herniated disks, peripheral artery diseases, and chronic wounds, and for dentistry. Currently, the in situ measurement of the dissolved ozone concentration during the medical procedures in human bodily liquids and tissues is not possible. Further research is necessary to enable the integration of ozone sensors in medical and bioanalytical devices. In the present review, we report selected recent developments in ozone sensor technology (2016–2020). The sensors are subdivided into ozone gas sensors and dissolved ozone sensors. The focus thereby lies upon amperometric and impedimetric as well as optical measurement methods. The progress made in various areas—such as measurement temperature, measurement range, response time, and recovery time—is presented. As inkjet-printing is a new promising technology for embedding sensors in medical and bioanalytical devices, the present review includes a brief overview of the current approaches of inkjet-printed ozone sensors.

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Stable Full-Inkjet-Printed Solid-State Ag/AgCl Reference Electrode

Cited by 53 publications

References 27 publications

Fully inkjet-printed multilayered graphene-based flexible electrodes for repeatable electrochemical response

Fully inkjet-printed multilayered graphene-based flexible electrodes for repeatable electrochemical response

Leakless, Bipolar Reference Electrodes: Fabrication, Performance, and Miniaturization

Recent Developments in Ozone Sensor Technology for Medical Applications

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