The use of natural rubber to resist bitumen is usually prone to degradation and aging. One method to overcome this problem is the addition of antioxidants. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of antioxidants 1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-quinoline (TMQ) on natural rubber modified asphalt crepe rubber and its performance in short-term and long-term aging conditions. The modified rubber asphalt mixture’s manufacture begins by melting the crepe rubber at 200 °C before being mixed in asphalt at 165 °C. Addition of antioxidant TMQ during the stirring process of the mixture of asphalt and melted rubber. The crepe rubber content was 8, 10, and 12% w/w, while the TMQ content was 1, 2, and 3% w/w of the total sample weight. The modified asphalt samples’ characterization included penetration, softening point, weight loss after a rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT), penetration after RTFOT, and Marshall test. Review of the performance of asphalt under short-term aging conditions using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). Evaluation of asphalt performance under long-term aging conditions using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the fact that the best-modified asphalt product was the addition of 10% crepe rubber and 2% TMQ. The best-modified asphalt characteristics have penetration 68.70 dmm, softening point 55.45 °C, weight loss only 0.0579%, penetration after RTFOT 59.60, Marshall stability 1403.96 kg with optimum asphalt content of 5.50%, and rutting factor (G*/Sinδ) 6.91 kPa and 16.1 kPa before and after RTFOT. Overall, the modified crepe rubber asphalt can improve the performance of the asphalt in terms of durability. Simultaneously, the antioxidant TMQ works very well in increasing the resistance of bitumen to aging in the conditions of short-term aging and long-term aging.
Lubricious thin films are used in plastic medical syringes in order to reduce the frictional forces between the syringe barrel and the rubber plunger. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) liquid films are the current accepted technology for reducing the friction forces in plastic medical syringes. However, major issues with these PDMS films exist, including interactions of the film with the stored injectable drugs and variations in the frictional response as the syringes are aged over time. A new silicon based, lubricious octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (L-OMCTS) thin film solid lubricant has been developed as a replacement for PDMS that provides acceptable and stable frictional responses without interacting with injectable drugs. A novel test method has been developed that can be used to successfully characterise the sliding frictional response of the L-OMCTS thin films at the syringe barrel and plunger interface. This test method will be used to provide future insight into how the frictional response of the L-OMCTS thin films is affected by various system parameters. This paper will mainly discuss the design of this new test method and provide some preliminary frictional response data.
Watershed management with potential water resources greater than or equal to 20% of the potential of water resources in the province requires a device capable of addressing those needs. The Siak river area is a potential source of water resources greater than 20%. Until now, the Siak river area does not yet have an integrated water resource information system; thus information on the potency of water absorption cannot be adequately recorded. Prediction of water availability in watersheds has significance for the management of a watershed. The research aims to develop a hydrological model to strengthen the water availability information to complete the water availability information. The built model is a combination of a conceptual model with wavelet (hybrid model) that is wavelet-ihacres. The wavelet transform method has the advantage of decomposing and reconstructing the data to produce better predictions. The results showed that the combined wavelet-ihacres have a coefficient correlation between observation data and output model of 0.737. The value is classified as a strong correlation.
Batu bara adalah bahan bakar fosil dan di Indonesia tersedia cadangannya dalam jumlah yang banyak. Pembakaran dari batu bara menghasilkan fly ash dan bottom ash (FABA). Limbah FABA yang dibiarkan menumpuk dalam waktu yang lama dapat menimbulkan masalah bagi lingkungan seperti pencemaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dapat memanfaatkan FABA untuk perkerasan jalan yaitu lapisan pondasi atas (base) agar dapat mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan dan mencari proporsi yang tepat agar pemanfaatan bisa dilakukan dengan optimal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengujian CBR laboratorium dengan rendaman yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh FABA terhadap campuran lapisan base ini untuk mendapatkan nilai CBR atau kekuatan daya dukung yang sesuai dengan standar bina marga 2018. Campuran lapisan base dibuat dalam lima variasi. Variasi I dan III FABA digunakan sebagai bahan pengganti sedangkan pada variasi II,IV dan V FABA digunakan sebagai bahan tambah. Variasi I dan II dengan komposisi FABA 55%FA dan 45%BA menghasilkan nilai CBR 114% dan 162%. Pada variasi tiga dan empat dengan perlakuan yang berbeda dengan cara diperamyang menghasilkan nilai CBR yaitu variasi 117% dan 252%. Sedangkan pada variasi V komposisi FABA 75%FA 25%BA nilai CBR yang didapat 100%, sehingga semua nilai CBR rendaman masuk kedalam standar dan FABA layak digunakan kedalam campuran lapisan perkerasan jalan.
Bandara Internasional Kualanamu yang terletak di Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Provinsi Sumatera Utara memiliki luas eksisting (2016) seluas 118.930 m2 yang berkapasitas 8,9 juta penumpang per tahunnya yang dapat menampung penumpang pada jam sibuk sebanyak 4.134 penumpang. Hal ini menyebabkan kekhawatiran akan kapasitas bangunan terminal yang tidak dapat melayani kebutuhan penumpang pada tahun 2030. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dan membuat proyeksi rencana kebutuhan bangunan terminal penumpang (2020-2030). Metodologi statistik regresi linier berganda diaplikasikan dalam membuat proyeksi penumpang ini. Volume penumpang dipakai sebagai variabel terikat (dependent variable). Adapun jumlah penduduk (Pdd) Provinsi Sumatera Utara dan PDRB Perkapita atas Dasar Harga Konstan Tahun 2010 (Pkt) Provinsi Sumatera Utara sebagai variabel bebas (independent variable) dengan bantuan program SPSS versi 23.0 serta Microsoft Excel maka dihasilakan, PDRB Perkapita (atas Dasar Harga Konstan Tahun 2010) berpenaruh kuat pada pertumbuhan penumpang domestic. Persamaan proyeksi volume penumpang = -9.098.309,11 + 0,498 Pkt dengan R2 0,935. Berdasarkan KP Nomor 482 Tahun 2018 tentang Rencana Induk Bandar Udara (RIB) Internasional Kualanamu Kabupaten Deli Serdang Provinsi Sumatera Utara digarisbawahi pentingnya pengembangan Bandar udara ini dimasa yang akan datang. Berdasarkan RIB dan penelitian ini pengembangan luasan bangunan terminal ini perlu dibuat secara bertahap. Rencana tahap 1 (2020-2025) diproyeksi kebutuhan luas bangunan terminal adalah 154.700 m2 dan untuk pengembangan tahap 2 (tahun 2025-2030) kebutuhan bangunan terminal adalah seluas 223.000 m2.
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