BackgroundPhysical activity programs are a powerful tool against several diseases including obesity and their comorbidities. Prader–Willi syndrome is the most common genetic disease associated with obesity, and brings with it behavioral and emotional problems that need complex management. Research into the effect of physical activity programs on Prader–Willi syndrome is limited and it is frequently argued that if a physical activity program is too complex, the participants are more likely to drop out. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the physiological adaptation effect of a physical activity program with increasing complexity and load, in a boy and a girl with Prader–Willi syndrome by assessing changes in lipid profile, body composition, and physical fitness parameters.Case presentationCase 1 was an 11-year-old girl, mixed race (brown), with an intelligence quotient of 68, 52.0 % body fat, and a body mass index of 45.3 kg/m2. The Prader–Willi syndrome diagnosis was made when she was 5-years old and was found to be due to an imprinting genomic defect. Case 2 was a 14-year-old boy, mixed race (brown), with an intelligence quotient of 74, 48.8 % body fat, and a body mass index of 37.3 kg/m2. The diagnosis was made when he was 10-years old and was found to be caused by gene deletion. Both participants presented physical characteristics and behavior problems typical of Prader–Willi syndrome. Case 2 presented high blood pressure, high cholesterol and sleep apnea and had to use continuous positive airway pressure to sleep. Both participants were assessed for 12 weeks (three times a week) using a physical activity program designed to improve strength and muscle hypertrophy. The work load was progressively adjusted as necessary and new exercises were added to the program. Prior to the program, the participants’ parents received instructions about managing problem behavior and advice about nutrition.ConclusionsAfter physical activity program several health markers assessed by biological tests and parental report had improved in both participants. The participants positively accepted the adaptations made to the physical activity program during the study. More studies are necessary to assess the benefits of physical activity in the Prader–Willi syndrome population.
BackgroundRunning economy (RE), expresses the relationship between the energy cost of running (Cr) and the work performed by a runner and is an predictor of performance. Given the intense effort of marathon runners during training and competition and the dearth of studies that address performance and cytokines in this population, the objective of the current study was to investigate the relationship between RE and cytokines in marathon runners.MethodsA total of 22 recreational marathon runners were examined. Using data obtained from VO2max assessments and sub-maximal tests, the following formula was applied to determine RE: Cr (mLO2·kg-1·km-1) = VO2 (mL·kg-1·h-1) × 60 ÷ speed (km·h-1).ResultsCr values shows no correlation with levels of the serum IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-a 24h before, immediately after or 72h after the completion of an official marathon. However, the IL-6 level shows a significant correlation with Cr.Discussion and conclusionThe relationship between higher values of IL-6 and lower RE leads to the hypothesis of a physical under-recovery state by some athletes. Considering the stress caused by training, associated with the higher energetic cost in less economic athletes, it’s possible that the period of resting may not totally compensate for the inflammatory state.
A síndrome de Prader Willi (SPW) é uma doença genética causada pela deleção de genes na região 15q11-13. Associa-se com deficiência intelectual e alterações neurocomportamentais de difícil manejo. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar os problemas de comportamento de dois grupos de crianças e adolescentes com SPW em função da possibilidade de acesso livre e de acesso restrito a alimentos no ambiente familiar. A amostra foi composta por 12 crianças e adolescentes com diagnóstico citogenético-molecular para SPW (seis em cada grupo) e suas respectivas mães. Das crianças e adolescentes foi registrado o peso corporal em Kg e junto às mães foi aplicado o Inventário de Comportamentos para Crianças e Adolescentes entre 6 e 18 anos (CBCL/6-18). Houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos em relação a problemas de ansiedade e depressão, violação de regras e desafio e oposição. O grupo de acesso restrito ao alimento apresentou maior número de problemas comportamentais
Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever o uso de aplicativos de smartphone para treinamento físico (APP) e a participação em Treinos Mediados por Tecnologia (TMT) em uma amostra de estudantes-atletas (EA) universitários durante a pandemia COVID-19. Método: Nossa pesquisa descritiva transversal avaliou EA de uma Universidade privada do estado de São Paulo usando um questionário adaptado à plataforma Google Forms. Resultado: Participaram da pesquisa 271 EA (Homem=158; Mulher=113; Midade=21,74±2,26 anos); sendo que 163 (60,1%) utilizaram APP, 214 (79%) utilizaram TMT e 247 (91,1%) utilizaram ambos os recursos. Foram citados 46 diferentes APP, sendo os principais: 1. Nike Training Club (n=75, 37,7%); 2. Nike Run Club (n=29; 14,6%); 3. Adidas Running (n=13; 6,5%) e 4. Leap Fitness Group (n=13; 6,5%). O Teste χ2 revelou que as mulheres foram as principais usuárias de tecnologia [APP (p=0,005; V=0,169); TMT (p<0,0001; V=0,216) e; APP+TMT (p=0,009; V=0,158)] durante a pandemia. Os EA amadores utilizaram mais APP (p=0,003; V=0,209) do que EA federados e ex-federados. Considerações finais: Os resultados destacam o extensivo uso de tecnologia na manutenção dos treinamentos físicos dos EA universitários durante a pandemia COVID-19, principalmente entre as mulheres e EA amadores. Estudos futuros devem quantificar os efeitos do uso de tecnologia na saúde física e emocional dos EA universitários.
The purpose of this paper was to analyze the internal consistency of the Sport Motivation Scale-II (SMS-II) questionnaire based on three studies with sports practitioners in the Brazilian college context. Methods: All the three studies i) were carried out with students enrolled in higher education and engaged in sports training by their institution (n1 = 304; n2 = 441; n3 = 310); ii) used SMS-II as an instrument for data collection; iii) used the online procedure for data collection. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed and Cronbach's Alpha (α), McDonald's Omega (Ω), and the correlation between items were used to assess internal consistency. Results: As potentialities, five dimensions of the SMS-II presented high values of internal reliability (α and Ω > 0.60). As a limitation, the dimension of introjected regulation showed low reliability (α and Ω < 0.40) in the three studies conducted by our group. The exclusion of item 16 enabled an increase in alpha, but without achieving satisfactory reliability in Study 1 (α = 0.46) and Study 2 (α = 0.31). In Study 3, the exclusion of item 7 improved the internal reliability of the dimension (α = 0.43) also without reaching satisfactory values of internal consistency. It was not possible to identify a problematic item, given that each item had a different influence in the three studies. Conclusion: We found good values of validity and internal consistency for the Brazilian version of the SMS-II. However, we suggest attention to the introjected regulation dimension when using the instrument in the Brazilian college context.
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