RESUMOEste estudo teve por objetivo determinar critérios e parâmetros para o inventário e classificação das formações secundárias no estado de Santa Catarina. Foram realizados inventários florestais em 160 parcelas em quatro diferentes estágios de sucessão natural, em todas as formações florestais do Estado. Entre os resultados, propõe-se que os inventários, para fins de classificação, incluam todos os indivíduos da parcela que tenham ≥ 5 cm de DAP e que a área basal seja a pricipal variável analizada para a classificação da formação vegetal em estádios sucessionais. Também propõe-se a reavaliação dos parâmetros definidos pela atual Resolução. Palavras-chave: inventário florestal; regeneração natural; legislação florestal. ABSTRACTThis study was designed to determine the criteria and the parameters needed for the inventory and the classification of the secondary forest in the Atlantic coast of Santa Catarina state, in Brazil. The forest inventories were conducted in 160 plots at four different stages of natural succession, in all forest of the state. It is proposed that inventories needed for the legal classification of secondary forests should include all individuals of each plot ≥5cm DBH and that basal area should be the central variable used to assign these forest formations in successional stages. This study also suggests the need to review the current regulation parameters in this place for the forest classification of Mata Atlântica defined by the current resolution.
This study aimed at understanding the dynamics of ecological processes and the use of secondary forests in Santa Catarina state (Brazil). The data base for these studies was formed through forest inventories carried out in the three forest types of the state. The results of this study demonstrate that the patterns of diversity are very similar among the three forest types; however, the species compositions among the types are quite different. A total of 343 woody species belonging to 73 families were found in the 24,000 m2sampling area, revealing the potential role of secondary forest in the conservation of biodiversity at the landscape scale. As expected, a small set of pioneer species dominates young secondary forests with shade-tolerant species becoming structurally important after 30 years. The patterns of forest structure and species diversity observed in study largely conform to the postagricultural secondary succession observed for many tropical forests.
-(Growth response of three woody species seedlings from the Tropical Atlantic rain forest to changing light conditions). The growth response of seedlings of three woody species from the Tropical Atlantic rain forest to changing light conditions was studied. The species were the early successional Cecropia glazioui Sneth., the intermediary in succession Cedrela fissilis Vell. and the late successional Bathysa australis (A. St.-Hil.) Hook. ex Sch. These species showed, within the range of light gradient, plasticity to increase light interception at lower light levels (through increasing leaf area ratio -LAR, and decreasing root/shoot ratio -R/SH); and plasticity to increase carbon gain and decreasing transpiration at high light levels (through increasing stomatal density and R/SH, and decreasing LAR). Species responses to irradiance varied with position along the light gradient. Plants at the lower end of the light gradient were more responsive than plants at the higher end of the light gradient. C. glazioui seemed to be more plastic than C. fissilis to alter several features. The behavior showed by the three species in response to changing light was consistent with their environmental occurrence.Key words -Atlantic rainforest, growth, light, seedlings, tropical trees RESUMO -(Crescimento inicial de três espécies arbóreas da Floresta Atlântica em resposta à variação na quantidade de luz). Verificou-se a resposta de crescimento à variação na intensidade de luz de plântulas de três espécies arbóreas da Floresta Tropical Atlântica, Cecropia glazioui Sneth., Cedrela fissilis Vell. e Bathysa australis (A. St.-Hil.) Hook. ex Sch., respectivamente de estádios inicial, intermediário e final de sucessão. As três espécies mostraram, dentro de um determinado gradiente de luz, plasticidade para aumentar a captação de luz quando em baixa irradiância (através de aumento da razão de área foliar -RAF e diminuição da razão entre raiz e parte aérea -R/PA) e plasticidade para aumentar o ganho de carbono e diminuir a transpiração quando em alta irradiância (através dos aumentos da razão R/PA e densidade estomática, e da diminuição da RAF). A plasticidade das espécies em variar determinado parâmetro em função da intensidade de luz foi dependente do gradiente de intensidade de luz aplicado. A plasticidade foi maior nas intensidades mais baixas de luz tanto para C. glazioui quanto para C. fissilis. Para a maior parte dos parâmetros analisados, C. glazioui mostrou maior parte plasticidade para aclimatar-se à maior irradiância, que C. fissilis. As variações apresentadas pelas espécies na morfologia e fisiologia em relação à variação na intensidade de luz são consistentes com o local de ocorrência de cada espécie.Palavras-chave -arbóreas tropicais, crescimento, Floresta Atlântica, luz, plântulas IntroduçãoA luz é um dos fatores físicos mais importantes no controle do desenvolvimento de plântulas de espécies arbóreas em florestas tropicais úmidas (Lee et al. 1997). As condições de luz para as plântulas, no nível do chão da floresta...
Sustainable management of tropical and subtropical secondary forests for multiple purposes, including timber, may encourage farmers to promote regeneration of native forest. We studied the population structures and commercial timber production in two adjacent 33 years-old Brazilian Atlantic Forest stands: a 26 ha forest managed through enrichment with three fast-growing commercial timber species, and a 10 ha naturally regenerated unmanaged forest. The tree species presented basal area of 26.9 m 2 ha -1 and 23.8 m 2 ha -1 in the enriched and the unmanaged forest, respectively. Timber volume (DBH ≥ 15 cm) in the enriched forest was 104 m 3 ha -1 (3.7 m 3 ha -1 year -1 rate of increment), 67% of which from the species planted in the enrichment process. The unmanaged forest presented 78.4 m 3 ha -1 of timber (2.4 m 3 ha -1 year -1 rate of increment) (45% from the planted species). Timber volumes and DBH distributions of both stands suggest that selective harvesting could produce valuable timber now, while stimulating growth of the next cycle.
The critically endangered Brazilian pine, also called araucaria, (Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze) is a key species of the Araucaria moist forest (AMF, Mixed Ombrophilous Forest). Illegal timber extraction, agricultural conversion and severe degradation have reduced the AMF to only 13 per cent of its original cover, with climate change imposing additional challenges for cold adapted species such as araucaria. Previous studies have assessed climate change impacts on A. angustifolia, but have been limited by analysis constraints. Here, we used a machine learning technique to understand how land use and climate change might affect the distribution of A. angustifolia, and to evaluate the effectiveness of existing protected areas (PAs) to conserve this species. Our results demonstrated that despite the recent efforts to conserve the Atlantic Forest, conversion of natural habitats into forest plantation still occurs within araucaria’s distribution range. Our model predicted a drastic reduction in environmentally suitable areas for this species of up to 77 per cent in the coming decades. Also, the existing PAs show low efficacy to protect suitable areas in the future. Combined, these results suggest that A. angustifolia will be under great threat within the next few decades and the development of conservation strategies to save this species is essential. Ideally, the conservation programs should integrate in situ and on farm approaches, including forest management strategies. Although in situ strategies play an important role as gene banks, on-farm strategies can be used to promote the restoration and expansion of A. angustifolia populations in the areas predicted as suitable.
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