The current study was carried out by a bioguided fractionation of a hexane extract of the latex of Euphorbia umbellata against leukemic cells. Samples were analyzed by NMR, GC/MS, triterpenes quantification, and MTT reduction assay. Morphological, cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential and caspases 3/7 analyses were performed for the dichloromethane and ethanol fractions, and selectivity index for the dichloromethane fraction. NMR analysis presented characteristic signals of terpenes and steroids, data were confirmed by the quantification of triterpenes and GC/MS analysis. MTT reduction assay demonstrated that HL‐60 was the most sensitive cell lineage against dichloromethane and ethanol fractions. Compounds of these matrices caused morphological changes compatible with apoptosis induction, altered cell cycle, increment of depolarized population cells and activation of caspases 3/7. Selectivity indices were higher than 22.44. Bioguided‐fractionation study showed that samples of the latex of E. umbellata raised the activity of the phytocomplex against leukemic cells, and the cytotoxicity can be associated with an apoptosis pathway.
Researchers have paid particular attention to the disposal of sludge produced in water treatment plants (WTPs) into wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for further processing, mainly because it is considered an attractive alternative for the treatment of waste generated in water production processes. This study evaluated the effects of flow equalization and disposal of sludge, from a conventional WTP, into a WWTP system that includes an anaerobic stabilization pond followed by a facultative pond. During the period of sludge discharge from the WTP into the wastewater system, the influent to the WWTP presented an increase of 17% (from 171 to 200 mg L(-1)) of total suspended solids (TSS) and a 7.0% flow rate increase, without showing adverse effects on the organic load, TSS and nutrients removal. The most significant impact observed in the WWTP was the increase of solids accumulation rate in the anaerobic pond, with a value of 141 mm/year during the sludge discharge period. The operating time, before the dredging and desludging cycles required for this specific anaerobic pond, decreased from 12.7 to 10.4 years, which is consistent with previous studies in literature. Thus, based on the observed parameters of this study, it is viable to release solids from a WTP effluent into a WWTP that includes anaerobic stabilization ponds followed by a facultative pond. Indeed, this process scheme becomes a viable technical, environmental, and economical alternative for small to medium WWTPs.
Objetivo. A disposição de resíduos de ETA em corpos d'água pode causar uma série de problemas ao ambiente aquático. Como alternativa, esses resíduos gerados podem ser dispostos em Estações de Tratamento de Esgotos, sendo transportados em caminhões ou lançados nas redes coletoras. O presente trabalho avalia o impacto do lançamento desses resíduos na Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto do município de São Lourenço da Serra (SP). Métodos. Foram avaliadas as variáveis físicoquímicas e bacteriológicas do esgoto bruto e do efluente das lagoas anaeróbia e facultativa, antes e após o lançamento desses resíduos. Resultados Durante as duas fases do monitoramento, a análise dos resultados permitiu verificar o excelente desempenho na remoção de material orgânico, com eficiências de remoção de 0805,20, de 90,5% na 1 a fase e 88,8% na ~. A eficiência de remoção de nutrientes (nitrogênio e fósforo) apresentou-se dentro dos parâmetros de projeto. Apesar dos altos resultados de remoção de patógenos observados na 1 a fase e na 2 a fase, o efluente final não atendeu os valores exigidos pelo decreto 8468/76 e CONAMA 357/05. Conclusões. Considerando os resultados experimentais, pode-se verificar que o lançamento dos resíduos gerados na ETA não alterou as características físico-químicas e biológicas do esgoto bruto e não interferiu nos processos biológicos verificados neste tipo de tratamento, mantendo o desempenho da estação dentro dos valores estimados na fase de dimensionamento.
Aquatic community protection on treated effluent disposal from waste stabilization ponds on São Lourenço River in São Lourenço da Serra from Vale da Ribeira in the State of São Paulo Protección de comunidad acuática en disposición de aguas residuales tratada de charcas de estabilización de desecho en del Río
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