2,1,3‐Benzothiadiazole (BTD) is one of the most important nuclei used in the chemistry of photoluminescent compounds and applicable for light technology. The understanding of its properties and reactions is fundamental for the design and application of these derivatives in molecular organic electronic devices and for other technologies. As a result of their potential as constituents of organic light‐emitting diodes, solar cells, liquid crystals, dyes, photovoltaic cells, and many others, attention has been focused on BTD π‐extended derivatives with potential use in this exciting area. Herein, we describe their syntheses, properties, reactions, and selected examples of applications in light technology using by BTD (small molecules) as the core.

In the present overview, we describe the bases of intercalation of small molecules (cationic and polar neutral compounds) in DNA. We briefly describe the importance of DNA structure and principles of intercalation. Selected syntheses, possibilities and applications are shown to exemplify the importance, drawbacks and challenges in this pertinent, new, and exciting research area. Additionally, some clinical applications (molecular processes, cancer therapy and others) and trends are described.

The transesterification (alcoholysis) reaction was successfully applied to synthesize biodiesel from vegetable oils using imidazolium-based ionic liquids under multiphase acidic and basic conditions. Under basic conditions, the combination of the ionic liquid 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMINTf2), alcohols, and K2CO3 (40 mol %) results in the production of biodiesel from soybean oil in high yields (>98%) and purity. H2SO4 immobilized in BMINTf2 efficiently promotes the transesterification reaction of soybean oil and various primary and secondary alcohols. In this multiphase process the acid is almost completely retained in the ionic liquid phase, while the biodiesel forms a separate phase. The recovered ionic liquid containing the acid could be reused at least six times without any significant loss in the biodiesel yield or selectivity. In both catalytic processes (acid and base), the reactions proceed as typical multiphasic systems in which the formed biodiesel accumulates as the upper phase and the glycerol by-product is selectively captured by the alcohol-ionic liquid-acid/base phase. Classical ionic liquids such as 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate are not stable under these acidic or basic conditions and decompose.

Pseudomonas cepacia lipase supported in the 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquid is an alternative "green" method for the production of biodiesel from the alcoholysis of soybean oil. The transesterification reaction catalyzed by this ionic liquid-supported enzyme can be performed at room temperature, in the presence of water and without the use of organic solvents. It is also compatible with various alcohols (including isoamyl alcohol). The biodiesel is separated by simple decantation and the recovered ionic liquid/enzyme catalytic system can be re-used at least four times without loss of catalytic activity and selectivity.

4,7-Disubstituted benzothiadiazoles containing 1-arylethynyl and 4-methoxyphenyl groups are selective photoluminescent "light up" probes to duplex DNA with unprecedented sensibility in both spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric measurements.

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An acetate anion bearing an imidazolium cation as its charge tag was reacted with M(OAc)(2) complexes (where M = Ni, Cu, and Pd; in situ reaction) to form members of a new class of charge-tagged metal complexes. The formation of these unprecedented precatalysts with potential for cross-coupling reactions was confirmed by electrospray ionization (and tandem) mass spectrometry. The catalytic performance of the palladium complex was tested in Heck and Suzuki cross-coupling reactions, often with superior activity and yields as compared with Pd(OAc)(2).

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