In the conditions of the Moscow region in 2020-2021. conducted research aimed at identifying the effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of spring barley seeds with a growth regulator based on the biomass of living microorganisms, as well as establishing the optimal consumption rate of the drug and the effect of using a growth biostimulator on the crop structure, yield and grain quality of spring barley. The length of the spike was significantly longer in the experimental variants, exceeding the control indicator by 30.3 - 31.9%, the weight of 1000 grains, depending on the dose of the drug, was higher than the control by 2.6% - 4.1%. A significant increase in crop yield was obtained in the variant using Restart Zh at a dose of 0.2 l/t + 0.5 l/ha, amounting to 1.7 c/ha. The protein content in the experiment varied from 11.9% to 12.8%. Keywords: BIOSTIMULANTS, SOWING QUALITIES, SPRING BARLEY, YIELD, CROP STRUCTURE
Quinoa is a multi-purpose vegetable, grain, and forage crop, due in part to the high nutritional value of its aerial parts. This work evaluates quinoa genotype characteristics as a starting point for a better understanding of multi-purpose cultivation. Ten cultivars of quinoa were studied on soddy-podzolic soils: Brightest Brilliant, Red Faro, and Cherry Vanilla from the US (USA 1–3); Titicaca (KY1) from Denmark; Regalo (KY2), a cultivar selected by the Baer Seed Research Center for southern Chile; as well as Q1–Q5, UAE cultivars of various ecological and geographical origins. Quinoa plants were divided into three parts (lower, middle, and upper). The Q3 and Q4 cultivars produced the maximum fresh weight (38.7 g and 35.4 g, respectively) and dry matter (5.6 g and 5.3 g, respectively). The leaf mass and stems comprised 25% and 75% of the lower parts, versus 50–60% and 40–50% of the middle parts, respectively. Stems made up about 15% of the upper parts. The KY1 and Q5 cultivars produced the highest results (4.08 and 4.23 g, respectively). Protein concentrations of the quinoa grains were relatively high, with up to 14.0% grain protein in the USA2 cultivars. Leucine and isoleucine were the most abundant amino acids in quinoa grains, ranging from 6.7 to 9.2 g/100 g of protein. In contrast, methionine was the least abundant amino acid with less than 1.5 g/100 g of protein.
The purpose of the study is to determine the needs of modern Russian agriculture for specialists with certain, most-in-demand, digital competencies. The research methodology is based on the application of the expert assessments method, the method of random statistical selection of experts, and the scientific generalization method. The field of the research is modern digital technologies in agriculture, as well as the corresponding competencies of Russian agricultural university graduates. The study period is 2021–2022. Having acquired competencies of a modern agricultural specialist at the university should help graduates to integrate into the production process as quickly as possible, the latter undergoing qualitative changes due to the transition to a new technological order based on the use of digital technologies. The study of the current curricula of Russian agricultural universities has shown their lack of adequacy regarding the modern requirements of agricultural production. It indicates the need to examine the curricula. Taking into account the fact that digital technologies are rapidly improving and being introduced into agricultural production, further research in this area should be conducted annually in order to increase the compliance of training at universities according to modern requirements of agricultural production.
The purpose of this study is to describe a methodology for assessing the geotechnical stability of agricultural facilities, enabling prediction of the state of the geotechnical system, taking into account the influence of external factors and combinations of reactions of the geotechnical system under study. According to the methodology, the heterogeneous geotechnical monitoring data obtained are used in an adjusted geotechnical system model, allowing a bifurcation analysis to be carried out. The bifurcation analysis determines critical values of influencing factors, and the limits of stability of the geotechnical system studied parameters are adjusted. The developed methodology was used to assess and predict the geotechnical stability of agricultural facilities during the processing of geoelectric, resistive acoustic, accelerometric and strain-gauge control data obtained in the period from 2016 to 2021. A feature of the geotechnical system under study is the periodic flooding of the building basement caused by the processes of reclamation and irrigation, leading to changes in the groundwater level. The results show that the permissible calculated elastic limit of the foundation elements (32.2–35.1 MPa) before the loss of stability should be significantly reduced with a change in the water content coefficient (W) of the soil base: at W = 0.15 Eb = 30.7–32.0 MPa; at W = 0.35 Eb = 26.8–28.2 MPa; at W = 0.55 Eb = 24.9–25.3 MPa.
Phytosanitary monitoring of production crops of grain crops is an important component of the plant protection system, which provides timely information about the spread and development of harmful objects and allows timely management decisions on the conduct of extermination measures. This approach allows you to save the harvest, since the economic situation of agricultural producers of any form of ownership is determined by the receipt of high gross fees, cultivated crops. The paradigm of implementing control and management of the phytosanitary situation of crops is phytosanitary monitoring, which allows timely detection of harmful objects and signaling of control measures. This work is devoted to the study of these issues. Based on the conducted studies, information on phytosanitary monitoring of diseases and weeds is presented. The dynamics of the spread of the pathogen complex is revealed, plant protection measures are proposed and implemented. The features of the formation of wheat agrophytocenoses are shown, the quantitative and specific composition of weeds and the complex of pathogens are studied. The biological effectiveness of the use of pesticides has been determined. The agronomic efficiency of the plant protection system is analyzed. Keywords: PHYTOSANITARY MONITORING, WINTER WHEAT, SPRING WHEAT, WEEDS, DISEASES OF GRAIN CROPS
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