No abstract

Currently, the load on railway tracks is increasing due to the increase in freight traffic. Accordingly, more and more serious requirements are being imposed on the reliability of the roadbed, which means that studies of methods for monitoring the integrity of the railway roadbed are relevant. The article provides a mathematical substantiation of the possibility of using seismoelectric and phasemetric methods of geoelectric control of the roadbed of railway tracks in order to identify defects and deformations at an early stage of their occurrence. The methods of laboratory modeling of the natural–technical system “railway track” are considered in order to assess the prospects of using the presented methods. The results of laboratory studies are presented, which have shown their high efficiency in registering a weak useful electrical signal caused by seismoacoustic effects against the background of high-level external industrial and natural interference. In the course of laboratory modeling, it was found that on the amplitude spectra of the output electrical signals of the investigated geological medium in the presence of an elastic harmonic action with a frequency of 70 Hz, the frequency of a harmonic electrical signal with a frequency of 40 Hz is observed. In laboratory modeling, phase images were obtained for the receiving line when simulating the process of sinking the soil base of the railway bed, confirming the presence of a transient process that causes a shift in the initial phase of the signal Δφ = 40° by ~45° (Δφ’ = 85°), which allows detection of the initial stage of failure formation.

No abstract

This article proposes an approach to the organization of the monitoring of geotechnical systems, which allows to increase the effectiveness of the automated control of destructive processes in geotechnical systems. The effectiveness of control is achieved by optimizing economic costs and technical constraints. The technical parameters of an automated geotechnical monitoring system are determined by the cost and importance of controlled objects. The criterion of optimality is the criterion of minimizing costs when implementing a geotechnical monitoring system with a constant value of possible damage. Possible damage in the geotechnical system during the development of destructive processes is expressed in monetary terms. The costs of implementing a geotechnical monitoring system are determined based on its cost, fixed costs for its maintenance, as well as technical parameters. The technical parameters in assessing the cost of implementing a geotechnical monitoring system are: the cost of measuring one controlled parameter, the number of measurement points, the cost of skipping the development of destructive geotechnical processes, the cost of a false alarm system. The proposed approach to optimizing the cost of implementing a geotechnical monitoring system is based on the monitoring method at key control points with a choice of bifurcation parameters. The proposed approach for optimizing the geotechnical monitoring system was tested in the city of Murom, Vladimir Region, and the Russian Federation while observing the development of suffusion processes of technogenic origin. The results of practical testing showed the possibility of reducing the cost of monitoring organization while maintaining control accuracy.

The article discusses the algorithm for assessing changes in the level of risk of karst hazard of the territory based on the forecasting of the number of holes depending on the water level. Based on the results of the analysis, the values of bifurcation parameters are determined, the transition through which sharply increases the formation of new holes. The article provides the developed block diagram of the neural network for assessing the dynamics of the occurrence of holes, as well as an algorithm for generating a predictive estimate of the number of holes. An analysis of the occurrence of the number of holes is carried out on the basis of water level data in the Oka River. The results of spline interpolation of the data are presented in the dependence on the number of holes on the dynamics of the water level in the river for the current and previous year. Practical verification of the developed algorithm was carried out on the basis of the new set of data on the water level in the river and the number of holes. The developed algorithm can be used in predicting the spread (leaching from the soil) of pollutants.