To identify the nursing care problems related to the clinical process of disease by COVID-19. METHOD: The study applied the taxonomic triangulation technique on a clinical management guide to coronavirus disease, COVID-19, from the World Health Organization. The technique is divided into the phases: extraction of knowledge in natural language about assessment, planning and intervention, translation into standard language NOC and NIC, linking to NANDA-I diagnoses, triangulation looking for diagnostic matches in the three sets, and, finally, validation by a panel of experts from a hospital and a university. FINDINGS: The extraction identified 159 terms in natural language that were translated into 173 variables: 34 NOC for assessment, 19 NOC for planning, and 120 NIC for intervention. The relationships to NANDA-I diagnoses recorded 2,182 links and the triangulation returned 109 diagnoses, 54 of them for a critical situation. The panel of experts unanimously validated the 29 diagnoses with the highest number of links. CONCLUSION: Coronavirus disease, COVID-19, involves a complex situation with multiple associated care problems that can be identified using the taxonomic triangulation technique. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE:The links between taxonomies and the taxonomic triangulation technique are an important tool for generating knowledge. The results of this study may guide the diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus disease, COVID-19, as well as similar processes that occur with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Aim Validate a manual of care plans for people hospitalized for coronavirus disease, COVID‐19. Design Validation study with a mixed‐method design. Methods Design and validation of a care plans manual for people hospitalized by COVID‐19. Care plans used standardized languages: NANDA‐I, Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) and Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC). The design included external and internal validation with quantitative and qualitative analysis. Data collection was between March and June 2020. The study methods were compliant with the Good Reporting of a Mixed Methods Study (GRAMMS) checklist. Results The manual integrated 24 NANDA‐I diagnoses, 34 NOC and 47 NIC different criteria. It was validated by experts of Scientific‐Technical Commission, who recommended linking the diagnoses to an assessment. The internal validation validated 17 of 24 diagnoses, 56 of 65 NOC and 86 of the 104 NIC. During the discussion group, 6 new diagnoses proposed were validated and the non‐validated diagnoses were linked to the baseline condition of the person.

Objective: to construct and validate a tool for the evaluation of responders in tactical casualty care simulations. Method: three rubrics for the application of a tourniquet, an emergency bandage and haemostatic agents recommended by the Hartford Consensus were developed and validated. Validity and reliability were studied. Validation was performed by 4 experts in the field and 36 nursing participants who were selected through convenience sampling. Three rubrics with 8 items were evaluated (except for the application of an emergency bandage, for which 7 items were evaluated). Each simulation was evaluated by 3 experts. Results: an excellent score was obtained for the correlation index for the 3 simulations and 2 levels that were evaluated (competent and expert). The mean score for the application of a tourniquet was 0.897, the mean score for the application of an emergency bandage was 0.982, and the mean score for the application of topical haemostats was 0.805. Conclusion: this instrument for the evaluation of nurses in tactical casualty care simulations is considered useful, valid and reliable for training in a prehospital setting for both professionals who lack experience in tactical casualty care and those who are considered to be experts.

Taxonomic triangulation is a data mining technique for the management of care knowledge. This technique uses standardized languages, such as North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International, Nursing Outcomes Classification, and Nursing Interventions Classification, as well as logic. Its purpose is to find patterns in the data and identify care diagnoses. Triangulation can be applied to databases (clinical records) or to bibliographic sources (eg, protocols). The objective of this study is to identify the care diagnoses implicit in the nursing care protocols of the Community of Madrid. The method followed has three phases: knowledge extraction for mapping of variables, linking to diagnoses, and triangulation with analysis. The study analyzes six protocols, and 344 variables (167 assessment, 29 planning, and 148 intervention) and 6118 links have been extracted. Triangulation identified 165 NANDA diagnoses (68.48%), and only 25 labels were not revealed through this process. As a limitation, the results depend on the knowledge presented in protocols and change with language editions. Some labels included in the sample are recent and are not included in the links with nursing outcomes classification and nursing interventions classification. In conclusion, taxonomic triangulation makes it possible to manage knowledge, discover data patterns, and represent care situations.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a challenge for health systems. The absence of prior evidence makes it difficult to disseminate consensual care recommendations. However, lifestyle adaptation is key to controlling the pandemic. In light of this, nursing has its own model and language that allow these recommendations to be combined from global and person-centred perspectives. The purpose of the study is to design a population-oriented care recommendation guide for COVID-19. The methodology uses a group of experts who provide classified recommendations according to Gordon’s functional patterns, after which a technical team unifies them and returns them for validation through the content validity index (CVI). The experts send 1178 records representing 624 recommendations, which are unified into 258. In total, 246 recommendations (95.35%) are validated, 170 (65.89%) obtain high validation with CVI > 0.80, and 12 (4.65%) are not validated by CVI < 0.50. The mean CVI per pattern is 0.84 (0.70–0.93). These recommendations provide a general framework from a nursing care perspective. Each professional can use this guide to adapt the recommendations to each individual or community and thus measure the health impact. In the future, this guideline could be updated as more evidence becomes available.

Aim:The aim of this study is to determine the validity and reliability of the Care Vulnerability Index (CVI) as a tool to estimate the need and competence of care. Design: A cross-sectional survey including a longitudinal component. Methods: Content validity ratio (CVR) was calculated by interrater agreement of a group of 11 experts in two rounds. The test-retest analysis was measured in an urban population of Colombia with 96 participants through two statistical tests: Pearson's correlation coefficient and the difference in means.Results: Care Vulnerability Index turned out to be valid with a CVR of 0.879. Reliability by Pearson correlation between test-retest was 0.912 (CI95: 0.872-0.941; p-value <.01) and there was no significant mean difference between test and retest in global score and in clustered groups of variables. Validating CVI will make it possible to prioritize healthcare resources in the population and identify people susceptible to care problems.

Spiritual and emotional care is an important part of the person, especially in situations such as changes in health or a community coping with a pandemic. However, nurses report scarce university training in this area of care. The aim of the study is to define a catalogue of learning outcomes for spiritual and emotional care for undergraduate nurses. The design used a mixed method for the development and validation of learning outcomes. The first phase designs the catalogue of learning outcomes through a coordinating group and uses a bibliographic search and nursing legislation. The second phase validates the proposal through a group of experts, with a questionnaire using the modified Delphi technique in two rounds. The initial proposal was 75 learning outcomes, of which 17 were eliminated, 36 changed their wording and the experts proposed 7 new ones. The experts validated 65 learning outcomes: 14 for Assessment and diagnosis; 5 for Planning; 17 for Intervention; 4 for Evaluation and quality; 8 for Communication and interpersonal relationship and 17 for Knowledge and intrapersonal development. In conclusion, the academic curriculum can include these learning outcomes to help undergraduate nurses in the process of acquiring knowledge, skills and attitudes in spiritual and emotional care.

During recent years, there has been growing global concern for the environment and its impact on health. In 2015, the United Nations approved the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a framework for joint action by all countries that addresses the social, environmental, economic and political determinants of health United Nations General Assembly, 2015). This framework of SDG includes elements such as housing, water, sanitation, unemployment or education to promote prosperity and protect the planet from climate change (United Nations, 2019). On the other hand, during the last year the COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of people around the world. The lack of a known effective treatment to cure the SARS-CoV-2 disease has focused efforts on implementing measures to slow the spread of the virus. Control of environmental factors and social relationships are key elements (World Health Organization, 2020a).