When considering the challenges for sustainable business, companies implementing cross-border reallocation of capital by means of mergers and acquisitions should take into account the context and evaluation of attributes of their future implementation. The main aim of the paper is, therefore, to identify and specify the key attributes of sustainable cross-border mergers or acquisitions (M&As) influencing the considerations about their future implementation. On the basis of the views of managers from 120 companies (international corporations selected from the Zephyr database) located in 45 countries within the European area that had previously been the subject of a cross-border merger or acquisition, significant attributes were extracted in connection with their experience from their implementation. These attributes are taken into account when considering the implementation of a cross-border merger or acquisition in the future. A factor analysis of the data obtained allowed the extraction of three key attributes of implementation of a potential merger and acquisition process as an important tool of business sustainability—aims, concerns, and reasons. This paper further presents the basic parameters of the Attributes of Future Mergers and Acquisitions (AFM&A) methodology: eigenvalues, Cronbach’s alpha values, the percentage of the variance explained, inter-correlations of the extracted factors, and the results of an analysis of differences in the assessment of the extracted factors by managers. At the same time, no statistically significant differences were found in the assessment of the extracted merger and acquisition assessment factors. The study fills in the research gap in the area by identifying and specifying the attributes of considering the future implementation of M&A management in terms of the broader concept of this issue.

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Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions in the Context of Perception of the Factors of Their Implementation in the Pre-and-Post-Merger-and-Acquisition ProcessThe paper aims at the issue of perception of the factors of implementation of the pre-and postmerger-and-acquisition process. The original methodologies aDM&A (ante-Determinants of Mergers and Acquisitions) and pDM&A (post-Determinants of Mergers and Acquisitions) were verified on the basis of an analysis of the views of managers from 120 companies. The factor analysis of the data obtained enabled extraction of the key factors of implementation of the pre-and post-merger-and-acquisition process. The paper also presents the basic parameters of the methodology aDM&A Eigenvalues and pDM&A Eigenvalues, the percentage of the variance explained, Cronbach's alpha, inter-correlations of the extracted factors, and the results of the analysis of differences in the assessment of the extracted factors by managers. The extracted factors were Synergy potential, Business environment, Investment benefit, and Financial management in the context of the pre-merger-and-acquisition process, and Unification strategy, Business management, Internal business environment, Business identity, and Strategic intent in the post-merger-and-acquisition process.

Ongoing globalization tendencies of business in general and manufacturing in particular has increased rapidly during the last decades as companies have internationalized their value-chains in a search of competitive advantage through scale and scope throughout the world. Precisely cross-border mergers and acquisitions represent a key strategic and dynamic tool for gaining long-term competitive advantage, diversification, geographical expansion or strengthening its own position in the global market. The main goal of the paper is to analyze the impact of the predictors we have chosen on the volume and frequency of realized cross-border mergers and acquisitions in the manufacturing sector with regard to the origin of the source (19) and target (28) countries in the European area in the time period of 1998 and 2021 through analysis of variance (ANOVA). Through partial analyses, we find out how the manufacturing sector affects the total value of cross-border mergers and acquisitions transactions and whether there is a significant difference in the total value of cross-border mergers and acquisitions within the branches of the manufacturing sector. Attention is also paid to the impact of source and target country membership in the EU on the overall value of cross-border mergers and acquisitions. In the analyses, we also identify other significant influences that have an impact on the conditional value of cross-border mergers and acquisitions.

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of European M&A activity from 1998-2021. It examines trends and drivers of cross-border mergers and acquisitions, examining how European integration has affected M&A activity and the critical characteristics of M&As in the European Area. The ambition is to contribute to the existing literature on M&A activity in Europe. The paper aims to analyze the impact of advancing integration processes in Europe through our selected predictors on capital reallocation through cross-border M&As as a whole and also separately in the manufacturing sector and the service sector in the examined period in the countries of the European area through a generalized regression model and identify peculiarities in both industries. To achieve this goal, we investigated a new dataset of all completed M&A between 1998 and 2021 in 19 sources and 28 target countries of the European Area.