The aim of the study is to develop an approach to increasing the profitability of agricultural enterprises. To achieve this goal, the concept of product life cycle and the possibility of its transformation into a more complex model, which provides for the release of several generations of high-tech products, is used. In this regard, the article deals with the issues of ensuring the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises under the conditions of rapid development of technologies, including information technologies. It is shown that agricultural enterprises producing high-tech products have significantly lower material costs and higher costs for research and development work, as well as significantly higher profits than traditional enterprises of the agricultural industry. Due to the fact that the release of innovative high-tech products is associated with high risks, the management of high-tech enterprises need to plan the life cycles of their products. An important resource for supporting the competitiveness of products is the scientific information used to develop new types of products and their production technologies. This approach allows for the timely introduction of new types of products with higher competitiveness in the market. This allows achieving sustainable growth of product competitiveness and growth of income of agricultural enterprises. Creating a software model for implementing this algorithm will create the possibility of automatically planning new types of products and increasing profitability. This will help increase the efficiency of the enterprises of the Russian agricultural sector.
This study solves the most important economic problem of developing a method for calculating the cost of each type of product in complex and multi-product industries. The performed analysis of the current legislation and the methods used for calculating the cost has led to the conclusion that today the solution to this problem has no scientific justification. The authors carried out a systematic development of procedures that allow building a scientific idea using objective information. It is implemented in the study by means of appropriate techniques and the construction of an economic and mathematical model that allows the development of an instrumental apparatus for the implementation of the method. With its application, the problem of calculating the production cost of seven types of final products for a conditional technological scheme of integrated production was solved. The results are also compared with the cost calculation obtained by other methods. In addition, a graphical and matrix analysis of the calculation results was carried out. The obtained results of calculating the cost of the final product make it possible to evaluate this method as workable, and the algorithm for its construction - as using the entire array of initial objective information.
The needs of enterprises, the state and personnel in case of introduction of digital technologies, as well as the emergence of new types of products are considered. There was established that the response to the acceleration of business processes and a radical change in their technological content was the emergence of project management. The essence of its key differences from traditional organization of labor is demonstrated. It is shown that the increase in the efficiency of new business models is associated with the use of the project approach, as well as cooperation with leading universities. It is noted that the joint project activities of the enterprises, employees of HEIs and students’ project training allow to achieve a synergistic effect. Moscow State University of Technology and Management named after K.G. Razumovsky is given as an example of students project activities. Such an approach ensures implementation of effective developments for Russian agro-industrial complex to work in the new economic conditions. The competencies allow to take into account the emergence of demand in advance and to develop new products. Thus, the project activities at K.G. Razumovsky MSUTM contribute to the solution of Russian nationalprojects.
Russian cheese producers strive to increase their production. A sustainable best-experience raw material base can solve this problem. The authors analyzed the raw material supply in the leading cheese-producing countries in order to develop a system of new targets for Russian cheesemakers. The study featured the performance indicators of the world's leading cheese producers in terms of raw material supply. It relied on scientific, regulatory, and legislative documents. The study also included databases (2017–2022) published by the Federal State Statistics Service, the dairy economic consulting firm CLAL, and the Atlas Big site of international and regional data statistics. The data were processed by statistical methods, e.g., generalization, systematization, distribution, etc., and econometrics, e.g., correlation, regression analysis, etc. The authors calculated the statistical characteristics of raw material supply indicators, assessed the interfactorial relationships, and obtained regression equations to describe these relationships in quantitative terms. The calculations involved the volumes of total and per capita cheese production in various regions of the world. The group of leaders included twenty countries with an average production per capita of 26.5 kg. The key indicators of raw material supply included milk production per capita, livestock, structure, and milk cattle productivity. The research revealed some raw material problems in the domestic cheese industry. For instance, domestic milk production per capita (206.3 kg) is below the average for the leading countries (489.4 kg). This issue is associated with the low milk cattle productivity, which is 4492 kg in the Russian Federation and 7061 kg in the leading cheese-producing countries. The regression equations used determination coefficients of ≥ 0.8 to calculate the main parameters of the domestic cheese-making base that would meet dairy food security criteria. A milk production of 388 kg per capita proved to be the minimal amount that would guarantee food security in the domestic cheese sector. However, the existing number of cows (7.9 million) means that the milk productivity cannot fall below 7146 kg. The required value can be obtained by improving diets and selection. The analytical methods developed in this research provided highly reliable results. These results can solve the problems of providing Russian cheesemakers with a sustainable raw material base, as well as set new targets for agro-industrial dairy enterprises.
The presented study analyzes the possibility of Project 5-100 implementing, initiated by the Decree of the President of Russia. It is aimed at increasing the competitiveness of leading Russian universities in relation to the world's leading scientific and educational centers and solving a number of other important tasks in the development of education and science in Russia. The main rankings evaluating higher educational institutions have been studied, among them the most authoritative universities in the world have been identified. A list of Russian higher education institutions that are assessed or have a chance to be included in these ratings has also been established. It was revealed that as of 2020, the only Russian university that consistently occupies a worthy place in one of the generally recognized world rankings is the Lomonosov Moscow State University. At the same time, the authors have made a quantitative assessment of the likelihood of inclusion of Russian higher educational institutions in the world university rankings. It has also been established which of the world rankings domestic universities can reach high places as quickly and successfully as possible. As a result, the objectives of Project 5-100 seem to be the most attainable within the framework of this rating. To solve such an important task, it was proposed to analyze in detail the methodology for giving marks to higher educational institutions present in it. In addition, it has been proven that it is necessary to develop measures to improve the assessment of domestic universities in a number of world research and educational centers.
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