The paper studied the effect of microbial polysaccharides on the leukogram of laboratory animals and studied the dynamics of peripheral blood parameters with an assessment of immunobiological reactivity based on established patterns of physiological status. The results of numerous studies of the state of natural resistance of farm animals indicate that protective forces are a dynamic indicator, and is determined both by the genetic characteristics of the body and the impact of various environmental factors. This circumstance allows directionally influencing the formation and manifestation of the body’s defenses. Thus, the study of the immunological reactivity of the organism of farm animals becomes relevant for understanding the pathogenesis of diseases, for rational pathogenetic therapy. The problem of increasing the nonspecific resistance of productive animals has not lost its relevance in the current difficult economic situation in Russia. This fact is dangerous by the manifestation of enzootic outbreaks of infectious diseases and a gradual decrease in the breeding value of animals.
The article is devoted to the quantitative characterization of dogs and cats’ jejunum mucus membrane echoicity in different functional states (fasting and postprandial period). The object of the study was healthy dogs of different ages and different breeds (17) and cats (14) of both sexes at the age from 1 to 7 years. The studies were carried out at the Pirogov Veterinary Center in Stavropol using a SIUI Apogee 1100 Omni scanner (Shantou Institute of Ultrasonic Instruments Co., Ltd., Guangdong, China) according to the standard technique using a multi-frequency linear sensor with a frequency of 7-12 MHz. Echohomogeneity and echoicity of the intestinal wall was determined by the method of Silina T L, et al. (2010). Animals were examined before feeding with a preliminary 10-12 hour fasting diet, 20, 40, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after feeding with Purina® ready-made dry food. Mucous membrane echoicity of dogs and cats’ duodenum and jejunum does not change after feeding however 64.7% of dogs had single and multiple small inclusions and less often a longitudinal hyperechoic stripe appears in the mucosa. These changes are most expressed from 60 to 120 minutes after feeding and mostly disappear by 180 minutes. Only 21.4% of cats showed the presence of single hyperechoic inclusions in the mucous membrane of the duodenum or jejunum from 40 to 90 minutes after feeding. The described changes in the mucous membrane of the jejunum must be taken into account when an ultrasound scan is performed on an animal after a meal.
To date, the study of the process of cell proliferation in organs and tissues, as well as the possibility of its stimulation is very important in many types of pathology. Primary damage to somatic cell types in the glomerular apparatus of the kidneys is associated with various pathologies. Damaged endothelial and mesangial cells are restored due to the proliferation of neighboring cells. To study the reparative processes in the renal corpuscles, the change in the number of Ki-67+ cells was assessed. Ki-67 is expressed in the cell nucleus at all stages of the cell cycle, except for G0. Therefore, the number of Ki-67+ cells reflect proliferative activity. The search for new ways to stimulate organ regeneration and methods for its evaluation is an important direction. When evaluating the Ki -67 protein in the cells of the renal corpuscles, three types of expression are distinguished: granular, diffuse, and granular-diffuse. We found that an increased (by 40.21%) number of Ki-67+ cells in the damaged area on the 3rd day indicates active regeneration processes, then from the 6th day the values of this parameter decrease, but still remain higher. than during surgery. We associate such dynamics of changes in the studied parameter with alteration and active inflammatory processes localized in this zone. In the zone without damage, we noted a wave-like dynamics of changes in the number of Ki-67+ cells in the renal corpuscles in the zone without damage with 2 periods of increase (on the 3rd and 18th days) and a decrease to the values obtained during the operation by 60 -m days. We believe that this indicates an early (3rd day) regenerative activity of cells, as well as the process of tissue remodeling. Our results can help improve the diagnosis and treatment of animals with kidney pathologies.
Diseases in newborn animals cause significant damage to animal husbandry. This is a complex problem, in which, along with such factors as the environment and the pathogen, an important role is played by the reaction of the body of newborns and their close connection with the mother's body. The study of enzyme relationships in the functional system «mother-fetus-newborn» can make a significant contribution to solving the problem of improving the safety of the population of newborn animals. Newborn animals have different degrees of functional maturity. Functional capacity of some organs and the system of the newborn, in comparison with the parent individuals, can be determined both genetically and by the conditions of intrauterine development. Currently, a sufficient number of facts have been accumulated that any deviations or violations of homeostasis parameters the mother's body affects the fetus and Vice versa. The main role in compensating for impaired functions belongs to the mother's body, but the fetus is also able to participate in these reactions to a certain extent. Functional integration of fetal and maternal homologous systems when performing homeostatic functions concerns the activity of the blood enzyme component. The aim of our research was to study quantitative and qualitative changes in the activity of blood enzymes in non-pregnant sows, in the first and second half of pregnancy and the postpartum period.
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