The purpose of the article was to find the key problems of transferring the educational process into a distance form, and options for their solution. The changes that have taken place in the world over the past year have posed new challenges for society to which it should have been able to react. The sphere of education found itself in a rather difficult situation. It had to be reorganized in a short time and began to function in a remote communication mode. The author's methodology was based on an empirical study (a survey of teachers and students) to determine the degree of their readiness for a global transition to distance learning. Moreover, sociological, systemic analysis and synthesis scientific methods were used. During the study, the authors have concluded that neither teachers nor trainees were ready for the transformation that took place in the field of education. The problems faced by the participants in the educational process are both technical and psychological. In the technical sphere, there was an acute shortage of equipment used by trainees in the educational process. In addition, the lack of Internet traffic provided made it difficult to exchange information between participants in the educational process.In the psychological sphere, the difficulties have boiled down to the fact that in the new environment the role and degree of responsibility of trainees have increased significantly, which was highly negatively assessed by them. Teachers of the older age group have turned out to be practically unprepared for mastering new methods using technical teaching means. The learning process was mainly reduced to self-preparation of students, during which they were offered to read lecture materials, self-test, independent problem solving and other tasks. At the same time, the interaction between a teacher and trainees was minimized. Some options for the implementation of techniques were proposed in the article. They will help in the future to grade a number of problems, increase the degree of interaction between the teacher and students, making remote learning more convenient and comfortable for many.
The research is devoted to the attribution of the reasons of vandal behavior by urban youth. Quantitative content analysis of respondents' statements (text-mining) on the presented photos of vandalized urban environment, the indicators of respondents' perception of "negative assessment of vandalism" and "explanation of vandal behavior reasons" formed on its basis, as well as the scale of "World image" assessment formed for research purposes are the information collection method. The research sample includes young people from the cities of Yekaterinburg and Moscow. Yekaterinburg, Moscow, St. Petersburg (N=193), aged from 18 to 35 years (M=21.2 years, SD=4.1 years), consisting of men. The collected lexical array of utterances amounted to 6550 words (23657 signs), after generalization made 35 word forms, representing attitudes towards vandalism and typical attributions of its causes. The results of the study show the contradictions between the negative attitudes of young people to vandal behavior and the explanation of the reasons of vandalism, allowing it for the purpose of: a) self-expression, b) under the influence of aggressive emotions, as well as the experience of grief, resentment; c) opposing themselves to others. It is noted that the image of the world influences young people's ideas about the meaning of vandal behavior.
The relevance of the study of individual psychological characteristics of employees of criminal investigation departments in transport in the North-Western Federal district of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (hereinafter referred to as the NWFD) in relation to indicators of professional deformation is due to the specific features of their official activities. Despite a significant amount of research on the phenomenon of professional deformity of police officers, there are few thoroughly developed and completed works on the prevention of professional deformities of police officers. The purpose of our research was to study the individual psychological characteristics of employees of criminal investigation departments in connection with the risk of professional deformation. The results of the empirical study were processed by correlation and factor analysis (49 parameters). The results of the initial analysis showed that the overall assessment of job satisfaction among employees of the studied departments is average with a downward trend. The results of the study on «professional burnout» revealed that a number of employees surveyed are close to emotional exhaustion. It is established that empathic abilities, social intelligence, and constructive coping strategies play an important role in the structure of individual psychological characteristics of police officers. Low ability of employees to learn behavior determines non-constructive strategies and models for coping with stressful situations, which leads to deformation of relationships with other people, i.e. to professional deformation. The obtained data can be used as the basis for the program of psychoprophylaxis of professional deformation of criminal investigation units in transport in the northwestern Federal district.
Currently, counteraction to the legalization of drug trafficking is characterized by low efficiency, which necessitates a scientific understanding of the problems of combating this type of crime. On the basis of general scientific research methods, the authors formulated a list of the main problems that arise in the indicated area in the operational units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. These problems include: the lack of a unified approach to qualifying criminal acts related to the transfer of funds received by drug traffickers; the lack of a well-established practice of recognizing drug money as all funds received in electronic wallets used by criminals to receive payment for drugs; the use of technical means of protecting information and cryptocurrenciesby criminals; lack of methods for detecting legalization of drug trafficking in modern conditions; lack of legal ability to block (freeze) non-cash funds owned by persons with respect to whom there are sufficient grounds to suspect their involvement in activities related to drug trafficking and legalization of drug trafficking; the absence of a statutory presumption of the illegality of the acquisition of property of drug traffickers and their relatives, which significantly complicates the application of the rules on confiscation of criminal proceeds. The article concludes with copyright proposals for solving the problems considered.
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