The article presents materials on the study of the peculiarities of the tannin content in the wood of Picea obovata Ledeb. and Picea pungens Engelm., growing in the urban ecosystem, as well as in natural plantings outside the city. The growing conditions of the trees were characterized by a complex index of atmospheric pollution and soil conditions. The content of tannins in wood was determined by the spectrophotometric method based on the optical density of the water extract at a wavelength of 277 nm. The correlation between the content of tannins of stem wood and the state of atmospheric air is revealed, which can be explained by damage to the assimilation apparatus of trees. The dependence of the tannin content on the pH of the soil environment was also revealed. There were no statistically significant differences in the species, as well as in the place of growth. The research was carried out with the financial support of the grant "Scientific Potential – 2020". Keywords: PÍCEA OBOVATA, PICEA PUNGENS, TANNINS, CONIFERS, SPRUCE, RESISTANCE
The method of propagation of these varieties of blackberries Karaka Black and Black Butte by green cuttings using peat and coconut substrate and growth regulators kornevin and Biofish was studied. The greatest rooting was noted when using the preparation kornevin on a coconut substrate, but according to the set of parameters of the root system (root length, number of roots and volume of the root system), it is recommended to use the complex "kornevin-Biofish". The dependence of all the parameters of the root system on the type of substrate, as well as the interaction of the substrate with varietal characteristics and the stimulator of rhizogenesis, has been reliably proved. When growing, a varietal reaction was revealed in the length of the roots and the volume of the root system to the type of container. It is recommended to use Airpot containers for growing seedlings as they provide the largest volume of the root system with the optimal root length. Keywords: PLANT PROPAGATION, BLACKBERRY, RUBUS, AIRPOT, GREEN CUTTINGS, BLACKBERRY PROPAGATION, CONTAINER TECHNOLOGY, KARAKA BLACK, BLACK BUTTE
The article examines the species composition and spatial distribution of weeds, depending on the methods of processing crops of grain-tilled crop rotation. The uneven distribution of weeds over the area of the field requires the development of methods to identify weeds and their spatial location, which will allow the use of differentiated use of herbicides in precision farming systems.
The paper offers an assessment of the acid-base state of soils, accounting for the interrelationships of properties, processes and modes. The information content of the assessment of the fractional composition of acid-base systems, the kinetics of the processes, the suspension effect, the buffer capacity in different pH ranges, the depositing ability of soils to ions that determine their acid-base state is shown. The optimal indicators of the acid-base state of soils are estimated using the feedback principles: introduction of elements into the soil suspension - analysis of the response of plants developing on this suspension by the parameters of photosynthesis - search for the extremum. It is shown that the change in soil acidity is largely due to the processes of complex formation, the effects of protonation and hydrate formation of complexes of organic ligands and polyvalent cations. The expediency of using water-soluble organic substances of decomposing plant residues to increase the solubility of CaCO3 and purposefully change the exchange constants H+, Fe2+, Mn2+, A13+ from the Soil Absorption Complex to the Ca2+ ion is shown. Shown that increased sod soil formation process leads to a migration of Ca, Mg, and K to the arable layer from underlying layers. Ca, Mg and K also transition from a non-exchange state to the exchange state that allows for an increase in the time between repeated rounds of liming of sod-podzolic soils. Keywords: SOIL ACIDITY, SOIL PROPERTIES PROCESSES AND MODES
In the conducted studies on sod-podzolic soils and ordinary chernozems, a change in the rate of transition of Ca, Md, Fe, K ions from the soil to H2O at temperatures of 0 and 20º, the interaction time of 1 day and 1 week was established. It is shown that the speed of the processes depends on the combination of temperature and duration of reactions, differs for individual soils, horizons and certain cations. The magnitude of the change in the rate of the processes under consideration does not fully correlate with the physico-chemical and thermodynamic patterns of changes in the mobility of ions in soils depending on humidity and temperature, which is associated with the simultaneous course of ion exchange reactions, complex formation, sedimentation. The necessity of studying the kinetics of processes occurring in the soil for a more correct assessment of the agroecological state of soils is proved. Keywords: KINETICS, SOIL, TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE, ION DESORPTION
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