In open surgical procedures, image-ablate ultrasound arrays performed thermal ablation and imaging on rabbit liver lobes with implanted VX2 tumor. Treatments included unfocused (bulk ultrasound ablation, N = 10) and focused (high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation, N = 13) exposure conditions. Echo decorrelation and integrated backscatter images were formed from pulse-echo data recorded during rest periods after each therapy pulse. Echo decorrelation images were corrected for artifacts using decorrelation measured prior to ablation. Ablation prediction performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves. Results revealed significantly increased echo decorrelation and integrated backscatter in both ablated liver and ablated tumor relative to unablated tissue, with larger differences observed in liver than in tumor. For receiver operating characteristic curves computed from all ablation exposures, both echo decorrelation and integrated backscatter predicted liver and tumor ablation with statistically significant success, and echo decorrelation was significantly better as a predictor of liver ablation. These results indicate echo decorrelation imaging is a successful predictor of local thermal ablation in both normal liver and tumor tissue, with potential for real-time therapy monitoring.
SUMMARY In a review of 103 patients with carcinoma of the proximal bile ducts, eight patients were noted to have had ulcerative colitis also. This finding is strongly suggestive of a specific association between the two diseases. In three of the patients, carcinoma developed several years after proctocolectomy. Seven of the eight patients were significantly younger than the median age of the group as a whole, but no other apparent difference was noted between those with ulcerative colitis and the remainder of the group.During a review of the records of 103 patients with carcinoma of the proximal bile ducts seen at the Lahey Clinic Foundation during a 15-year period (Ross, Braasch, and Warren, 1972), it was noted that eight of these patients had, at some time, also had ulcerative colitis. Parker and Kendall (1954) were the first to record this association but, more recently, a number ofauthors have suggested that carcinoma of the biliary tract may be a rare complication of chronic ulcerative colitis (Rankin, Skyring, and Goulston, 1966;Converse, Reagan, and DeCosse, 1971;Morowitz, Glagov, Dordal, and Kirsener, 1971 occurred only four months after the onset of jaundice. At necropsy the patient was found to have a moderately well differentiated adenocarcinoma involving all the proximal bile ducts with direct spread into the liver. Metastases were discovered in the lymph nodes and in the porta hepatis. The presence of ascites and biliary cirrhosis was also recorded. CASE 2A 23-year-old woman first had symptoms of ulcerative colitis that were partially controlled during the next 20 years with unspecified medical treatment. However, at the age of 43, the patient underwent an emergency operation for a perforation of the colon, and a colostomy was constructed. Two years later, another perforation of the colon developed and this time an ileostomy with subtotal colectomy was carried out, leaving the rectum in place.At the age of46, gastrointestinal symptoms without jaundice developed that led to the performance of a laparotomy. A tumour, 3 cm, was found at the junction of the common hepatic and cystic ducts, and a biopsy showed it to be a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient was referred to the Lahey Clinic where the presence of arthritis and a whitish discharge from the rectal stump were noted.
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