The effect of the combined use of humic preparations and pesticides in various dosages on the quantitative composition of carbohydrates in agronomically valuable soil aggregates was studied. Biologically active humic substances indirectly, through plants and microorganisms, intensify the release of sugars, which play an essential role in the initial stages of the soil aggregates formation. Pesticides have a depressing effect on the soil microflora development, which, in turn, is one of the factors of the agronomically valuable soil structure formation. The introduction of humic preparations reduces the toxic effect of pesticides and reduces seasonal deterioration in the structural state of the soil. It has been shown that the distribution of aggregates according to variants, both in the case of dry sieving and in the case of wet sieving, correlates with the dynamics of the carbohydrate content in soil particles. This tendency is especially perceptible in the variants where pesticides were introduced into the soil together with the humic preparation. The correlation between the distribution of soil aggregates and carbohydrates according to Chaddock’s scale is salient (r = 0.532). The introduction of humic preparations makes it possible to reduce the loss of the agronomically valuable structure even in aftereffect.
The article presents the results of a 3-year experiment to study the soil structure with the combined use of insecticides and a humic preparation. Crops were peas (Pisum sativum) and chickpeas (Cicer arietinum). The experiment was carried out in 2019–2021 at the experimental fields of the Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center, located in the Rostov region in the south of the European part of Russia (47°21′ N, 39°52′ E). Soil was Calcic Chernozem Loamic. The studies were carried out both without fertilization and with the use of mineral fertilizers (N40P40K40). Sowings of leguminous crops were treated with a mixture of insecticides and a humic preparation in the phase of bean formation. The humic preparation BIO-Don10 was obtained according to the authors’ technology by alkaline extraction from vermicompost—a product of manure processing by compost worms of the Eisenia foetida species. The preparation contains salts of humic acids and fulvic acids in the amount of 1.9 g/L; the concentration in the mixture with the insecticide was 0.002%. An increase in the structure and water resistance coefficients was observed. A decrease in the block fraction and an increase in the total number of agronomically valuable aggregates were substantiated. It was found that in the cultivation of legumes, the application of mineral fertilizers had a negative effect on the structure of the soil, while, when using pesticides, the structure was preserved better by the end of the growing season. The revealed patterns can be associated with the activity of microorganisms participating in the hydrolysis of organic compounds that stabilize soil aggregates.
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