This study systematically reviewed differences in pain perception between athletes and normally active controls. We screened MEDLINE, Sport-Discus, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, and the citations of original studies and systematic reviews. All studies on experimentally induced pain that compared pain perception between athletes and normally active controls were eligible. The main outcome measures were pain tolerance and pain threshold. Effects are described as standardized mean differences and were pooled using random-effects models. Fifteen studies including 899 subjects met the inclusion criteria. Twelve of these studies assessed pain tolerance, and 9 studies examined pain threshold. A meta-analysis of these studies revealed that athletes possessed higher pain tolerance compared to normally active controls (effect size calculated as Hedges' g=0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI(95)] 0.53-1.21; P<0.00001), whereas available data on pain threshold were less uniform (Hedges' g=0.69, CI(95) 0.16-1.21; P=0.01). After exclusion of studies with high risk of bias, differences between groups in pain threshold were not significant any longer. Our data suggest that regular physical activity is associated with specific alterations in pain perception. Psychological and biological factors that may be responsible for these alterations are discussed.

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ObjectiveTo compare surgical success, postoperative intraocular pressure and complication rates between trabeculectomy and XEN gelstent surgery in a cohort of glaucoma patients in a typical clinical setting. MethodsA retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with refractory open-angle glaucoma including patients who underwent either stand-alone XEN gelstent insertion with Mitomycin C or trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C between 2016 and 2018 at the University Eye Hospital Mainz, Germany. Primary outcome measure was the proportion of surgical success 1 year after surgery. Patients with an IOP �18mmHg, an intraocular pressure reduction of >20% and in no need of revision surgery or topical medication were considered a complete surgical success. If topical therapy was necessary, they were considered a qualified success. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out for the primary outcome including gender, age, preoperative intraocular pressure and number of medication classes used preoperatively as adjustment variables. Results171 eyes of 144 patients were included, including 82 eyes of 58 patients in the XEN group and 89 eyes of 86 patients in the trabeculectomy group. The primary outcome defined as the proportion of surgical success after 1 year (mean 11.1 months ± 2.2) was similar for both groups. The complete success proportion was 65.5% (95%-CI: 55.6-75.9%) in the trabeculectomy group, and 58.5% (95%-CI: 47.6-69.4%) in the XEN group and not statistically different in our analysis model (crude OR = 0.61; 95%-CI: 0.31-1.22; adjusted OR = 0.66; 95%-CI: 0.32-1.37). The intraocular pressure reduction, as secondary outcome measure, was higher in the trabeculectomy group (10.5 mmHg) compared to the XEN group (7.2 mmHg; p = 0.003) at the 12-month follow-up.Citation: Wagner FM, Schuster AK-G, Emmerich J, Chronopoulos P, Hoffmann EM (2020) Efficacy and safety of XEN®-Implantation vs. trabeculectomy: Data of a "real-world" setting. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231614. https://doi.org/10.

This study identified low gestational age and ROP occurrence as main determinants for foveal thickening. Furthermore, thinned GCL+IPL measurements were associated with lower gestational age. This study highlights the prognostic value of these maturity parameters influencing retinal morphology, which may affect visual function.

Background: Advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness. While around half of the genetic contribution to advanced AMD has been uncovered, little is known about the genetic architecture of early AMD. Methods: To identify genetic factors for early AMD, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis (14,034 cases, 91,214 controls, 11 sources of data including the International AMD Genomics Consortium, IAMDGC, and UK Biobank, UKBB). We ascertained early AMD via color fundus photographs by manual grading for 10 sources and via an automated machine learning approach for > 170,000 photographs from UKBB. We searched for early AMD loci via GWAS and via a candidate approach based on 14 previously suggested early AMD variants.

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IMPORTANCE Low birth weight is associated with altered ocular organ development in childhood, including the morphology of the eye. However, no population-based data exist about this association in adulthood.OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether low birth weight has a long-term association with anterior segment anatomy and axial length in adulthood. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThe Gutenberg Health Study is a population-based, observational cohort study in Germany. All participants underwent ocular biometry. Among the participants with follow-up and self-reported birth weight available, associations were assessed between low birth weight and anterior segment anatomy and axial length using multivariable linear regression analysis with adjustment for age and sex. In patients with phakia, anterior chamber depth and lens thickness were also examined. Data for this study were collected from

Purpose: To assess surgical success and the post-operative development of intraocular pressure between XEN45 â gelstent, Preserflo â MicroShunt and trabeculectomy with mitomycin C. Methods: Data from 105 eyes from 105 patients of matched cases with refractory open-angle glaucoma, who underwent surgery between January 2019, and August 2020, were evaluated. Patients underwent either stand-alone XEN gelstent insertion with Mitomycin C, stand-alone Preserflo with Mitomycin C or trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C. The primary outcome was the proportion of complete surgical success at 6 months post-operatively (i.e. intraocular pressure between 5mmHg and 18mmHg, no revision surgery, no loss of light perception and no post-operative pharmaceutical antiglaucomatous treatment). The reduction of intraocular pressure after 6 months, the classes of antiglaucomatous medication used post-operatively, best-corrected visual acuity, spherical refractive errors and astigmatism were assessed as secondary outcomes. Results: We included 35 eyes in each group. After 6-month follow-up, complete success was 73.5% [95%-CI: 57.9%-89.2%] in the trabeculectomy group, 51.4% [95%-CI: 34.0%-68.8%] in the XEN group and 74.2% [95%-CI: 57.9%-90.5%] in the Preserflo group (p = 0.08). Regarding secondary outcomes, the reduction of intraocular pressure was 12.1 AE 7.9 mmHg in the trabeculectomy group and was thereby 5.8 [95%-CI: 2.2-9.6] mmHg greater compared with the XEN group (p < 0.001) and 4.8 [95%-CI: 0.9-8.7] mmHg higher than the Preserflo group (p = 0.01). Conclusions: No statistically significant differences were found between trabeculectomy, XEN45 â gelstent implantation and Preserflo â MicroShunt implantation regarding surgical success after 6 months. Yet reduction in intraocular pressure was significantly higher in the trabeculectomy group. However, all three interventions resulted in sufficiently low post-operative intraocular pressure and may therefore be considered individually for glaucoma treatment.