A mail survey was conducted of local residents of a forest-dependent region (Fraser Fort George Regional District, n=974), provincial (British Columbia, n=1208) and Canadian (n=1672) publics to compare their values for forests and preferences for forest management (overall response rate=45.2%). While the local public tended to place a significantly higher (p<0.05) emphasis on economic values and clearcutting practices relative to provincial and national publics, all publics held quite similar views on forest management overall. All publics support a multi-valuelecosystem management over a single-valueltimber management approach to forest management, do not support maximisation of economic returns from timber regardless of the impacts and agree forest managers should be more responsive to local resident values than the values of more distant groups. Responses also reflected a lack of public confidence in government natural resource agencies. Results suggest residents from forest and non forest-dependent communities share similar forest values, that current forest management practices such as clearcutting do not reflect the values of local, provincial or national publics, and that forest managers should be especially responsive to the values of the local public when making forest management decisions.Key words: social values, forest policy, public participation, socially sustainable forest management I Un sondage postal a kt6 effectue auprks des residents locaux d'une region dependante t b la for& (District Fraser Fort George, n=974), des habitants d'une province (Colombie-Britannique, n=1208) et des Canadiens (n=lti72) afin de comparer leurs valeurs attribuees aux for& et leurs preferences en matikre d'amenagement forestier (taux de reponses global=45,2 %). M&me si les residents locaux avaient tendance h mettre une emphase significativement plus importante (p<0,05) sur les valeurs Cconomiques et les pratiques de coupe ? I blanc par rapport aux residents provinciaux et les Canadiens, tous ont un point de vue presque similaire sur l'amenagement forestier dans son ensemble. 11s appuient tous un amenagement Ccosysttmique base sur plusieurs valeurs par rapport B une approche d'arnenagement reposant sur une seule valeur comme le bois, ils n'appuient pas la maximisation des retombees Cconomiques en provenance du bois sans regards pour les impacts et ils sont d'accord que les gestionnaires forestiers devraient 2tre plus en mesure de repondre aux valeurs des residents locaux qu'aux valeurs des groupes plus tloignes. Les reponses ont galement demontre une absence de confiance du public envers les agences gouvemementales responsables des ressources naturelles. Les rksultats laissent entendre que les residents des collectivitts qui dependent et qui ne dCpendent pas des for6ts partagent des valeurs forestikres semblables, que les pratiques d'amenagement forestier comme la coupe B blanc ne reflktent pas les valeurs des residents locaux, provinciaux ou du Canada, et que les gestionnaires forestiers devraient 6tre principalemen...

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Dry matter disappearance (DMD) of native forages collected from the Slave River Lowlands (SRL), Northwest Territories, was consistently greater in bison (Bison bison) than in Hereford cattle (Bos taurus) when measured with a nylon bag technique. Overall average DMD values were 52% and 39% for bison and cattle, respectively. Mean percent DMD values for each plant species were: willow (Salk spp.), 56; slough sedge (Carex atherodes), 50; baltic rush (Juncus balticus), 47; aleppo avens (Geum aleppicum), 44; and northern reedgrass (Calamagrostis inexpansa), 39. Dry matter disappearance was inversely correlated (P < 0.05) with crude fiber content of the sample. Dependence of DMD on crude fiber content was less (P < 0.001) in cattle than in bison. Based on relative digestibilities and data on forage intake, we concluded that slough sedge was the most important bison forage in the study area. Average DMD was 44% greater (P< 0.01) in a Hereford fed hay than in a Hereford fed hay plus a concentrate supplement. There was no difference (DO.05) hi DMD between two bison fed the hay ration and two fed hay plus the supplement. and was chosen to make these comparisons. Materials and Methods Samples of native forages were collected in the SRL in February and June, 1975. Summer samples of willow consisted of approximately equal dry weights of leaves and twigs from the terminal 12 cm of the twigs. Winter willow samples were comprised of twigs only. Herbaceous plant samples included the entire aerial portion of the plant cut at approximately 2 cm above ground. All samples were air-dried and ground through a l-mm mesh screen. Nylon bag digestibility experiments were conducted using two ruminally fistulated adult Hereford cattle and four ruminally fistulated adult bison at the Pawnee Site, International Biological Program, Nunn, Colorado, during Jaquary 1976. One Hereford and two bison were fed crested wheatgrass hay containing 6% crude protein (CP) (Table 1). One Hereford and two bison were fed

The relative preferences of snowshoe hares for native and exotic tree species and the relationship of these preferences to nutritional constituents and phenols have important forestry management implications. Thus, feeding preferences of confined snowshoe hares (Lepusamericanus Erxleben) for Siberian larch (Larixsibericus (Endl.) Sabine ex Trautv.), Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.), white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss), and black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.R) were examined under two experimental ad libitum feeding conditions. At the end of experiment 1, two-year-old Siberian larch and Norway spruce were equally selected by hares. Twigs and stems of Siberian larch, however, were browsed almost exclusively during the first few days of the experiment, while white spruce was browsed very little at all. Siberian larch was richer in crude protein and lower in fiber than white spruce and Norway spruce, whereas Norway spruce was lower in condensed tannins and total phenols than the other two species. In experiment 2, twigs and stems of 4-year-old black spruce were preferred to those of white spruce. Black spruce contained significantly higher concentrations of crude protein, calcium, and phosphorus and lower concentrations of cellulose and total phenols than white spruce. Overall, white spruce was most resistant to hare damage, though the lack of preference was not reflected in either low nutrient or high tannin values. In fact, concentrations of condensed tannins and total phenols had no antifeedant effects.

G rant J. and Hawley A. 1996. Some observations on the m ating behaviour of captive American pine martens Martes americana. Acta Theriologica 41: 4 3 9 -4 4 2 .Four male and 8 female captive pine martens Martes americana (Turton, 1806) were observed for signs of mating. Behavioural changes associated with the breeding season began in mid-June. Subjective observation indicated that the frequency of abdominal scent marking and body contact between males and females increased from June through July and decreased during A ugust. Aggression between females in creased markedly during the breeding season. The animals emitted diverse vocaliza tions, including a throaty chuckle that was associated with breeding and that was indistin guishable by observers from a call emitted when fem ales appeared to be consoling young kits. Copulation was observed on 4 occasions during July in one pair o f m artens, and was typical of that described for M artes species in general. Two individual copulatory acts were timed and lasted 5 and 14.5 min, respectively. The female appeared to control the timing and duration of copulation and seemed in one instance to actively solicit the attention of the male.