Bison and Hereford Steer Digestion of Sedge Hay

Hawley, Alex W. L.; Peden, D.; Stricklin, W. R.

doi:10.4141/cjas81-022

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Calcium concentrations of Sprengel's sedge ranged from 0.40 to 0.61%, similar to other studies looking at sedge species (Geyer's sedge, dryspike sedge, and slough sedge) (Paulsen 1969;Hawley et al 1981;Alldredge et al 2002). However, the Ca concentrations of Sprengel's sedge did not increase with maturity like Geyer's sedge and dryspike sedge (Paulsen 1969;Alldredge et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…However, unlike dryspike sedge and slough sedge (Carex atherodes) (Hawley et al 1981), which had CP concentration below 7 and 8%, respectively, by early October, Sprengel's sedge maintain a level of 9.5% or greater. A high percentage of Sprengel's sedge plants do not produce seeds at maturity, maintaining a higher ratio of plants in the vegetative stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Though there have been multiple studies conducted on the nutritive value of sedge species common in wetland habitats (Patton and Judd 1970;Linn et al 1975;Klopatek and Stearns 1978;Hawley et al 1981;Green 1987;Kirby et al 1989Kirby et al , 2002, there has been little research on the nutritive value of forest species (McEwen and Dietz 1965;Paulsen 1969;Leslie et al 1984;Gonzalez-Hernandez and Silva-Pando 1999;Alldredge et al 2002). Research conducted on forest species has been limited to Geyer's sedge (Carex geyeri) (Paulsen 1969;Alldredge et al 2002), Carex remota (Gonzalez-Hernandez and Silva-Pando 1999), and dryspike sedge (Carex foenea) (McEwen and Dietz 1965).…”

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confidence: 97%

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Nutritional composition of Sprengel's sedge (Carex sprengelii)

et al. 2012

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2012. Nutritional composition of Sprengel's sedge (Carex sprengelii). Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 867Á871. Sprengel's sedge (Carex sprengelii) has been documented as a primary graminoid species in riparian woodlands and forested areas of the northern Plains. Currently, there is no documentation of the nutrient content of Sprengel's sedge. The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional value of Sprengel's sedge of riparian woodlands in eastern North Dakota. Plants were clipped to 2.5 cm from the soil surface at 2-wk intervals during the growing seasons of 2009 and 2010. Multiple whole-plant samples were collected from five randomly selected sites at two different locations during each collection period. Plant tissue was analyzed for crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), calcium, and phosphorus. The CP concentrations declined from over 20% in May to under 10% in October. Sprengel's sedge, based on IVOMD, met energy requirements for a 550 kg lactating cow early in the growing season; however, as the growing season progressed it was unable to meet energy requirements. Irrespective of year, Sprengel's sedge maintains a high CP level throughout a typical grazing season; however, digestible energy becomes deficient. Grazing strategies that promote spring and early summer grazing or supplementation of a high-energy feed source to compensate for the decrease in energy are recommended. Norland, J. E. 2012. Composition nutritionnelle du carex de Sprengel (Carex sprengelii). Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 867Á871. On sait que le carex de Sprengel (Carex sprengelii) est une espe`ce graminoı¨de qui affectionne les bois rivulaires et les zones forestie`res des plaines nord-ame´ricaines. Pour l'instant, on ne posse`de toutefois aucune donne´e sur sa valeur nutritive. La pre´sente e´tude devait pre´ciser la composition nutritionnelle du carex de Sprengel poussant dans les boise´s rivulaires de l'est du Dakota Nord. Les plantes ont e´te´coupe´es jusqu'a`2,5 cm de la surface du sol toutes les deux semaines pendant la pe´riode ve´ge´tative de 2009 et 2010. De nombreux plants entiers ont e´te´pre´leve´s dans cinq sites choisis au hasard, a`deux endroits, durant chaque pe´riode d'e´chantillonnage. Les tissus ve´ge´taux ont ensuite e´te´analyse´s et on a de´termine´la concentration de prote´ines brutes (PB), de fibres au de´tergent acide et de fibres au de´tergent neutre, ainsi que la digestibilite´in vitro de la matie`re organique (DIVMO) et la teneur en calcium et en phosphore. La concentration de PB passe de 20 % en mai a`moins de 10 % en octobre. Selon la DIVMO, le carex de Sprengel satisfait aux besoins e´nerge´tiques d'une vache en lactation de 550 kg au de´but de la pe´riode ve´ge´tative, mais ne re´ussit plus a`le faire a`mesure que la saison avance. Le carex de Sprengel garde une forte teneur en PB durant la saison de paissance typique, peu importe l'anne´e. Il y a ne´anmoins carence au niveau de l'e´nergie digestible. On recommande donc des re´gimes ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Nutritional composition of Sprengel's sedge (Carex sprengelii)

et al. 2012

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“…Some studies have suggested that bison are more efficient than cattle at digesting poor-quality forages (Richmond et al, 1977; Hawley et al, 1981a,b). Proposed mechanisms for this heightened efficiency include a reduction in the rumen particulate passage rate, an increase in nitrogen (N) recycling, as well as differences in ruminal microbial populations (Hawley et al, 1981b). However, relatively little is known about ruminal fermentation characteristics and microbial populations in bison.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergism of Cattle and Bison Inoculum on Ruminal Fermentation and Select Bacterial Communities in an Artificial Rumen (Rusitec) Fed a Barley Straw Based Diet

et al. 2016

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This study evaluated the effect of increasing the proportion of bison relative to cattle inoculum on fermentation and microbial populations within an artificial rumen (Rusitec). The experiment was a completely randomized design with a factorial treatment structure (proportion cattle:bison inoculum; 0:100, 33:67, 67:33, and 100:0) replicated in two Rusitec apparatuses (n = 8 fermenters). The experiment was 15 d with 8 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. Fermenters were fed a diet of 70:30 barley straw:concentrate (DM basis). True digestibility of DM was determined after 48 h of incubation from d 13 to 15, and daily ammonia (NH3) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production were measured on d 9–12. Protozoa counts were determined at d 9, 11, 13, and 15 and particle-associated bacteria (PAB) from d 13 to 15. Select bacterial populations in the PAB were measured using RT-qPCR. Fermenter was considered the experimental unit and day of sampling as a repeated measure. Increasing the proportion of bison inoculum resulted in a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on straw, concentrate and total true DM disappearance and on straw and total neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) disappearance, with greater disappearances observed with mixed inoculum. There were no effect of source or proportion of inoculum on ADF disappearance (P > 0.05). Increasing bison inoculum linearly increased (P < 0.05) concentrate aNDF disappearance, total and concentrate N disappearance as well as total daily VFA and acetate production. A positive quadratic response (P < 0.05) was observed for daily NH3-N, propionate, butyrate, valerate, isovalerate and isobutyrate production, as well as the acetate:propionate ratio. Increasing the proportion of bison inoculum linearly increased (P < 0.05) total protozoa numbers. No effects were observed on pH, total gas and methane production, microbial N synthesis, or copies of 16S rRNA associated with total bacteria, Selenomonas ruminantium or Prevotella bryantii. Increasing bison inoculum had a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on Fibrobacter succinogenes, and tended to linearly (P < 0.10) increase Ruminococcus flavefaciens and decrease (P < 0.05) Ruminococcus albus copy numbers. In conclusion, bison inoculum increased the degradation of feed protein and fiber. A mixture of cattle and bison rumen inoculum acted synergistically, increasing the DM and aNDF disappearance of barley straw.

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“…The solution provided by the model for an individual forage item can be expressed as: Estimates of daily consumption rates for bison, elk, horses, and mule deer were taken from the literature (Quimby and Johnson, 1951;Geis, 1954;Boll, 1958;Peters, 1958;Mackie, 1964;Murphy, 1963 and1965;Boyd, 1970; National Academy of Sciences, 1973;Alldredge et al, 1974;Richmond et al, 1977;Christopherson et al, 1978;Reynolds et al, 1982;Hawley et al, 1984;Wolfe et al, 1989). Daily consumption rates for bison in published sources were adjusted based on weights recorded for bison in TRNP by Park personnel (unpubl.…”

Section: Model Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%