foram listadas como as principais ameaças para os mamíferos da Bahia. Trinta e três das 45 espécies ameaçadas ou 'Quase Ameaçadas' tiveram registros em 21 Unidades de Conservação (UC) de proteção integral, localizadas inteira ou parcialmente na Bahia, e 32 das 45 espécies são cobertas por Planos de Ação Nacional (PAN). A lista de mamíferos ameaçados de extinção na Bahia inclui percentual elevado de carnívoros, mamíferos aquáticos, primatas e ungulados, seguindo o padrão observado em listas vermelhas. O alto número de espécies 'Dados Insuficientes' e a concentração de esforços de pesquisa em regiões restritas do estado são alarmantes e sugerem ausência de planejamento e baixa aplicação de recursos para descrever a biodiversidade, resultando em um conhecimento limitado sobre as populações de mamíferos e suas distribuições geográficas. A Bahia ocupa uma posição de destaque para a conservação de alguns taxa cuja distribuição é total ou majoritariamente incluída no estado. Os biomas Caatinga, Cerrado e Marinho carecem de UC de proteção integral para representar sua mastofauna característica. A publicação da lista de mamíferos ameaçados de extinção, investimentos para a criação e proteção efetiva de UC existentes e outras ações previstas em PAN são instrumentos complementares que devem ser fomentados por instituições governamentais e não-governamentais no intuito de proteger a rica diversidade de mamíferos da Bahia. Palavras-chave: conservação de biodiversidade; espécies ameaçadas; Mammalia. ABSTRACT-FIRST EVALUATION OF MAMMALS CONSERVATION STATUS IN BAHIA, BRAZIL Endangered species lists identify real and potential taxa extinction risks at global and regional scales, supporting decision-making processes and public policy. The construction of the first list of threatened species in Bahia state started in 2013. This paper describes the evaluation of conservation status of mammals in Bahia and its main results. The list was built in three phases: (1) preparatory, (2) evaluation and (3) final (validation). One species was considered regionally extinct, 41 were included in categories of threat ('Critically Endangered', 'Endangered' or 'Vulnerable') and four were considered 'Near Threatened'. Moreover, 51 species were classified as 'Data Deficient'. Habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting and roadkill were listed as the main threats for mammals in Bahia state. Thirty three out of 45 threatened or 'Near Threatened' species were recorded in 21 strictly protected areas (PA), completely or partially located in Bahia, and 32 of the 45 species are included in National Action Plans (PAN). The list of threatened mammals of Bahia includes a high percentage of carnivores, aquatic mammals, primates and ungulates, following the pattern of red lists. The high number of 'Data Deficient' species and research effort concentration in relatively small regions along the state are alarming and suggest the absence of planning and insufficient resource destination for biodiversity description, resulting in a limited knowledge on mammal populatio...
Atlantic Forest (AF) is amongst the most threatened forests in the world. To decide where conservation efforts should be focused to preserve species, assessment of ecological and biogeographic processes nowadays are crucial. Patterns of the distribution of organisms can provide an important source of information underlying the biogeographical history of a biota. Here, our main objective was to identify Areas of Endemism (AoE) for non-volant small mammals in the AF and to investigate if those AoE are covered by protected areas. We performed quantitative and qualitative approaches to delimit AoE and calculated the area overlaid by Conservation Units (CU) within each AoE. Our results supported the recognition of seven AoE for small mammals in the AF, which largely are congruent with previous studies undertaken on other organisms, thereby highlighting the importance of those regions as hotspots of endemism. Most of the AoE recovered in the present study have less than 12% of their territory covered by forest remnants, and less than 11% of their entire range is under legal protection. These findings bring to light an important discussion on how information pertaining to the representativeness of CU within regions of high endemicity could help to identify areas in need of urgent protection within a threatened biodiversity hotspot.
The margay (Leopardus wiedii) is a small to medium sized Neotropical felid classified as Vulnerable in Brazil. The species' northeastern range limits and use of open vegetation habitats has not been properly defined. The Caatinga biome is composed of a variable mosaic of semi-arid scrub/forest habitats and dominates the northeast region of Brazil. To date, it has not been confirmed that margays use the more open semi-arid thorny scrub habitat which is most characteristic of this region (the caatinga scrub). This study presents data from the first camera trap records for margays occurring in caatinga scrub, and documents new localities which constitute an extension of the species' range in northeastern Brazil.Keywords: Caatinga domain; Camera trap; Distribution; Relative abundance; Northeast Brazil ResumenEl margay (Leopardus wiedii) es un felino de tamaño pequeño a mediano clasificado como vulnerable en Brasil. Los rangos de distribución nororiental de la especie y el uso de hábitat en ambientes abiertos no han sido bien definidos. El bioma Caatinga está compuesto por un mosaico de ambientes semiáridos arbustivos y forestales, los cuales dominan la región nororiente de Brasil. A la fecha no se ha confirmado el uso del hábitat semiárido abierto arbustivo espinoso que es característico de esta región (la caatinga propiamente dicha). Este estudio presenta los primeros registros de margay en cámaras trampa en la caatinga y documenta nuevas localidades que constituyen la ampliación del rango de distribución de esta especie en el nororiente brasileño.
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