HighlightsGenetically modified Bacillus subtilis identified in a vitamin B2 product.Whole genome sequencing runs are performed for characterization of the isolated strain.Complex modifications of the genome are identified.Four putative recombinant plasmids are characterized.Real-time PCR methods are developed and available for testing vitamin B2 products.
In order to provide reliable and harmonized information on methods for GMO (genetically modified organism) analysis we have published a database called "GMOMETHODS" that supplies information on PCR assays validated according to the principles and requirements of ISO 5725 and/or the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry protocol. In addition, the database contains methods that have been verified by the European Union Reference Laboratory for Genetically Modified Food and Feed in the context of compliance with an European Union legislative act. The web application provides search capabilities to retrieve primers and probes sequence information on the available methods. It further supplies core data required by analytical labs to carry out GM tests and comprises information on the applied reference material and plasmid standards. The GMOMETHODS database currently contains 118 different PCR methods allowing identification of 51 single GM events and 18 taxon-specific genes in a sample. It also provides screening assays for detection of eight different genetic elements commonly used for the development of GMOs. The application is referred to by the Biosafety Clearing House, a global mechanism set up by the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to facilitate the exchange of information on Living Modified Organisms. The publication of the GMOMETHODS database can be considered an important step toward worldwide standardization and harmonization in GMO analysis.
The development of an efficient seafood traceability framework is crucial for the management of sustainable fisheries and the monitoring of potential substitution fraud across the food chain. Recent studies have shown the potential of DNA barcoding methods in this framework, with most of the efforts focusing on using mitochondrial targets such as the cytochrome oxidase 1 and cytochrome b genes. In this article, we show the identification of novel targets in the nuclear genome, and their associated primers, to be used for the efficient identification of flatfishes of the Pleuronectidae family. In addition, different in silico methods are described to generate a dataset of barcode reference sequences from the ever-growing wealth of publicly available sequence information, replacing, where possible, labour-intensive laboratory work. The short amplicon lengths render the analysis of these new barcode target regions ideally suited to next-generation sequencing techniques, allowing characterisation of multiple fish species in mixed and processed samples. Their location in the nucleus also improves currently used methods by allowing the identification of hybrid individuals.
Please cite this article as: Lievens, A., Petrillo, M., Querci, M., Patak, A, Genetically modified animals: options and issues for traceability and enforcementAbstract 7The past two decades have witnessed the rise of commercial crops that have been genetically modified for an increased suitability in extensive cultivation. Currently, a substantial body of research is being carried out in order to produce Genetically Modified (GM) animals that may similarly yield improvements in animal breeding, genetics and reproduction. Here, we attempt a comprehensive review of the existing trails at animal modification with commercial applications and aimed at a deliberate release onto the market. In addition, we investigate detection and quantification options within the frame of food/feed control and traceability on the European market.
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