A Constitutive Equation has been determined for a medium strength steel and has been shown to have identical form to the modified Armstrong Zerilli equation used for iron. The strengthening mechanism in steel appears to act through a constant which is subject to thermal softening through the shear modulus but the part of the model describing thermally activated processes remains almost identical to that observed in iron. These observations suggest the possibility of using this equation as a generic form for a wide class of steels in which the determination of coefficients is simplified considerably.
Disordered packings of unbonded, semiflexible fibers represent a class of materials spanning contexts and scales. From twig-based bird nests to unwoven textiles, bulk mechanics of disparate systems emerge from the bending of constituent slender elements about impermanent contacts. In experimental and computational packings of wooden sticks, we identify prominent features of their response to cyclic oedometric compression: non-linear stiffness, transient plasticity, and eventually repeatable velocity-independent hysteresis. We trace these features to their micromechanic origins, identified in characteristic appearance, disappearance, and displacement of internal contacts.
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