A wide range constitutive equation for medium and high strength steel

Abstract

A Constitutive Equation has been determined for a medium strength steel and has been shown to have identical form to the modified Armstrong Zerilli equation used for iron. The strengthening mechanism in steel appears to act through a constant which is subject to thermal softening through the shear modulus but the part of the model describing thermally activated processes remains almost identical to that observed in iron. These observations suggest the possibility of using this equation as a generic form for a wide class of steels in which the determination of coefficients is simplified considerably.

Modelling orthogonal machining of carbon steels. Part II: Comparisons with experiments

“…It is justified by materials' science arguments as advanced by Zerilli and Armstrong [3]. (As an aside, the modification to their argument, proposed in [11], leading to Eq. (4c), is not supported by the present work.)…”

“…metals (T abs is absolute temperature, and the strain-hardening exponent defined as 1/n in this paper was written n in the original). Subsequently [11], it has been proposed that the strain-hardening part should have a temperature dependence, Eq. (4b), through the temperature dependence of the elastic modulus E. In neither, as recognised in [3], is the high temperature recovery of strain hardening allowed for.…”

Determination of the high strain rate fracture properties of ductile materials using a combined experimental/numerical approach

“…The preferred alternative adopted at Leeds and elsewhere for b.c.c. metals such as iron and steels is the Armstrong-Zerilli relation [12] which, as modified by Goldthorpe et al [13 ], takes the form…”

Instrumented Taylor anvil-on-rod impact tests for validating applicability of standard strength models to transient deformation states

“…The applicability of these models to transient deformation states however, has been largely ignored. To address path-dependent effects, a few models have recently been developed, such as the modified ArmstrongZerilli model by Goldthorpe et al 12 and Gould and Goldthorpe 13 and the empirical model of Frechard et al 14 Validation of these path-linked models through comparison with transient profiles has shown improvements over the traditional models. 14,15 However, the use of approaches that provide complementary measures of transient deformation states and require adherence to transient phenomenon has yet to be adopted as a general rule for model validation.…”