OME as sustainable alternative diesel fuel burns without the agglomeration of soot particles which is the case for fossil and paraffinic diesel fuels. Nuclei mode particles are mainly of a volatile nature and do not survive exhaust aftertreatment.
Improving the energy density of lithium-ion batteries advances the use of novel electrode materials having a high specific capacity, such as nickel-rich cathodes and silicon-containing anodes. These materials exhibit a high level of gas evolution during formation, posing a safety hazard during operation. Analyzing the gas volume and the gassing duration is thus crucial to assess material properties and determine suitable formation procedures. We present a novel method for evaluating both gassing and swelling simultaneously to determine the operando gas evolution of pouch cells with volume resolutions below 1 µl. Dual 1D dilatometry is performed using a cell expansion bracket which applies a quasi-constant force on the cell, thus providing reproducible formation conditions. The method was validated using the immersion bath measurement and NCM/graphite pouch cells were compared to high-energy NCA/silicon-graphite pouch cells. Silicon-containing cells exhibited gas evolution higher by a factor of seven over ten successive cycles, thus demonstrating the challenges of high-silicon anodes. The concurrent dilation analysis further revealed a constant thickness increase over the formation, indicating continuous solid electrolyte interface growth and lithium loss. Consequently, the method can be used to select an ideal degassing time and to adjust the formation protocols with respect to gas evolution.
One of the major challenges of battery cell manufacturing is the reduction of production costs. Production defects and manufacturing inaccuracies, combined with high value streams, cause cost-intensive scrap rates. Conventional batch tracing is insufficient to detect rejects at an early stage, since the quality-critical intermediate products are not considered in a differentiated manner. To address this deficiency, tracking and tracing approaches in battery cell production are becoming increasingly popular. To obtain sufficient resolutions of the production data, the allocation of process and product data must be performed at the electrode sheet level. An interface is required for this, which can be realized by marking the individual electrodes. This paper investigates the integration of two well-known marking technologies: laser and ink marking. Integrating these marking technologies requires the consideration of physical boundary conditions in the process chain. For this purpose, the necessary investigations are presented in a structured manner to ensure that the marking does not have a negative influence on the process chain and vice versa. A pilot production line is used as an example to demonstrate the necessary tests for the integration of laser or ink markings.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.