Particle emissions of a heavy-duty engine fueled with polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OME)

Gelner, Alexander D.; Rothe, Dieter; Kykal, Carsten; Irwin, M.; Sommer, Alessandro; Pastoetter, Christian; Härtl, Martin; Jaensch, Malte; Wachtmeister, Georg

doi:10.1039/d1ea00084e

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…An investigation into the interactions of the components of the ATS during cold-start operation is necessary and therefore forms the scope of further investigations. 53 For the test runs using the pre-conditioned WHSC and WHTC cycle, the additional e-DOC upstream of the first SCR stage is installed in order to oxidise CH 2 O emission and prevent HCN formation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study is planned with a focus on this subject. 53 Furthermore, the emission of nanoparticles below the regulated particle size of minimum 23 nm in the system presented, as well as the effect of the DPF and urea dosing on PN emission will be discussed in another publication. 23…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of OME on the behaviour in cold-start operation will be presented in a later publication. 53…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of OME on the behaviour in cold-start operation will be presented in a later publication. 53 Contrary to the experiments of the alpha titration, the urea dosing is active at both SCR stages during the test cycles. The dosing strategy is based on an ideal distribution between the two stages, in consideration of the temperature, the ammonia storage capacity and the determined NO x concentrations in the exhaust.…”

Section: Test Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultra-low emissions of a heavy-duty engine powered with oxymethylene ethers (OME) under stationary and transient driving conditions

Gelner

Beck²,

Pastoetter³

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OME) are promising candidates as substitutes for fossil diesel fuel. A regenerative electricity-based production, using captured airborne carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) from water electrolysis as reactants, provides a valuable contribution to the energy transition in mobile applications. Besides the possibility of carbon-neutral production, OME offer the advantage of a sootless combustion, which resolves the trade-off between soot and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, and supports the efforts of air pollution control. While the emission behaviour of OME-powered diesel engines in raw exhaust has been studied extensively, interactions between this exhaust and components of the after-treatment system are mainly unknown. This study contains investigations conducted using a urea dosing variation (alpha titration) on a heavy-duty engine in combination with a system for selective catalytic reduction (SCR). These investigations showed a lower NOx reduction efficiency in OME operation in partial load operation compared with the one in fossil diesel operation. This can be attributed, among other reasons, to lower exhaust temperatures in OME operation. However, the high tolerance of OME to exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) compensates for this disadvantage because of the reduction of the raw NOx emission level. The difference in SCR efficiency disappeared at a high load operation point. Additionally, the alpha titration revealed, that urea dosing decreases formaldehyde emission in the SCR system. A pre-conditioned WHSC and WHTC cycle demonstrated the potential of an OME engine with after-treatment in the form of a twin-dosing SCR system for ultra-low emissions. For the specific evaluation of the emissions during these test cycles, this study contains the detailed calculation of the required factors – so-called ‘ u-values’– for OME exhaust according to the technical standard UN/ECE R49.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of OME on the behaviour in cold-start operation will be presented in a later publication. 53…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Test Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultra-low emissions of a heavy-duty engine powered with oxymethylene ethers (OME) under stationary and transient driving conditions

Gelner

Beck²,

Pastoetter³

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…Furthermore, the potential of OME regarding NO x reduction by way of an applied EGR strategy 19 and the increase in SCR performance by fuel dosing and electrical heating demonstrated in this work enable simplification of the ATS back to a one-stage SCR system, thus improving economic efficiency. Additionally, omission of the DPF by virtue of the low particle emission of an OME engine 57 reduces complexity and offers advantages in the cold-start phase with respect to ATS heating. Since the experiments in this study took place during summer at moderate ambient temperatures, further experiments with lower starting temperatures – e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaseous emissions of a heavy-duty engine fueled with polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OME) in transient cold-start operation and methods for after-treatment system heating

Gelner

Pang

Weber

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci.: Adv.

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Short Pulse Reductive Activation of Pt/ceria for the Low-Temperature CO Abatement in Vehicles Operated with the Synthetic Diesel Fuel OME

et al. 2023

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The synthetic Diesel fuel oxymethylene ether (OME) is sulfur-free by nature, and due to the low soot formation, no active filter regeneration events are required, limiting the maximum temperatures seen by the exhaust catalysts to ~ 450 °C. These OME-specific ageing requirements will enable the application of new types of catalysts that cannot be used in conventional Diesel vehicles. Such new catalytic solutions will allow ultra-low emissions at a much-reduced cost and will hence contribute to the overall efficiency of the OME approach. In this contribution, we focus on CO abatement from OME exhaust. To enable an efficient evaluation of new catalysts under practically relevant conditions, a test bench was set up that can reproduce the transient temperature-, mass flow- and concentration profiles measured during real driving tests. In a first step, the transient test bench was used to compare CO oxidation over a commercial Diesel oxidation catalyst for OME- and conventional Diesel conditions. The same low-load cold-start drive cycle run with OME showed slightly lower raw emissions, but the CO emissions downstream of the catalyst increased by a factor of ~ 2. The main reason for the lower CO conversion is the lower temperature of the OME exhaust. In a second step, we investigated short-pulse reductive activation of Pt/ceria as a promising new technology that benefits from the OME-specific low ageing requirements. A Pt/ceria catalyst activated by a short 5–10 s reductive pulse achieved virtually 100% conversion even at exhaust temperatures below 80 °C. With one 5 s reductive activation pulse per 30-minute drive cycle, a CO conversion of > 99.9% is demonstrated over the low-load cold-start OME drive cycle, compared to 59% obtained with a standard commercial Diesel oxidation catalyst. To our knowledge, this is the first published demonstration of short pulse reductive activation of Pt/ceria for CO oxidation using realistic transient drive cycles.

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Particle emissions of a heavy-duty engine fueled with polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OME)

Abstract: OME as sustainable alternative diesel fuel burns without the agglomeration of soot particles which is the case for fossil and paraffinic diesel fuels. Nuclei mode particles are mainly of a volatile nature and do not survive exhaust aftertreatment.

Cited by 13 publications

References 82 publications

Ultra-low emissions of a heavy-duty engine powered with oxymethylene ethers (OME) under stationary and transient driving conditions

Ultra-low emissions of a heavy-duty engine powered with oxymethylene ethers (OME) under stationary and transient driving conditions

Gaseous emissions of a heavy-duty engine fueled with polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OME) in transient cold-start operation and methods for after-treatment system heating

Short Pulse Reductive Activation of Pt/ceria for the Low-Temperature CO Abatement in Vehicles Operated with the Synthetic Diesel Fuel OME

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