the exception of RCP8.5 under which a moderate increase is projected towards the end of the century. The present findings indicate that the anticipated increase in extreme total water levels due to relative sea level rise (RSLR), can be further enforced by an increase of the extreme SSL, which can exceed 30 % of the RSLR, especially for the high return periods and pathway RCP8.5. This implies that the combined effect could increase even further anticipated impacts of climate change for certain European areas and highlights the necessity for timely coastal adaptation and protection measures. The dataset is publicly available under this link: http://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ collection/LISCOAST.

Highlights It is shown the correlation between confinement measures and the spread of COVID-19. Confinement measures explain a large part of the mobility patterns observed. The reduction of mobility correlates with during the outset of the epidemic. Mobility indicators can inform epidemiological and economic models. The indicator harmonises the mobility data for European countries in time and space.

Abstract. The Gulf of Cadiz, as part of the Azores-Gibraltar plate boundary, is recognized as a potential source of big earthquakes and tsunamis that may affect the bordering countries, as occurred on 1 November 1755. Preparing for the future, Portugal is establishing a national tsunami warning system in which the threat caused by any large-magnitude earthquake in the area is estimated from a comprehensive database of scenarios. In this paper we summarize the knowledge about the active tectonics in the Gulf of Cadiz and integrate the available seismological information in order to propose the generation model of destructive tsunamis to be applied in tsunami warnings. The fault model derived is then used to estimate the recurrence of large earthquakes using the fault slip rates obtained by Cunha et al. (2012) from thin-sheet neotectonic modelling. Finally we evaluate the consistency of seismicity rates derived from historical and instrumental catalogues with the convergence rates between Eurasia and Nubia given by plate kinematic models.

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Olive tree (Olea europea L.) leaves represent around 10% of the total weight of olives arriving at any given mill, which are generally discarded, causing economic and environmental issues. However, these are rich sources of natural bioactive compounds (i.e., polyphenols), which have health-promoting potential. Thus, the valorization of olive leaves by recovering and reusing their components should be a must for food sustainability and circular economy. This review provides an insight into the principal polyphenols present in olive leaves, together with agronomic variables influencing their content. It also summarizes the recent advances in the application of novel extraction technologies that have shown promising extraction efficacy, reducing the volume of extraction solvent and saving time and cost. Moreover, potential industrial uses and international patents filed in the pharmaceutic, food, and cosmetic sectors are discussed.

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Cyclone Xaver pounded the North Sea on 5–6 December 2013 and reached its maximum in the German Bight the second day. Combined geodetic measurements from the SARAL/AltiKa satellite and from a local geodetic network detect cross‐shelf and alongshore variations and loading vertical deformation. The cross‐shelf root‐mean‐square differences between observations and predictions are 30 cm for surge height, 2 m for significant wave height, and 4 m/s for wind speed, with significant biases. The different wind forcing mainly causes the predicted height differences. The smallest standard deviation difference between observed and predicted vertical displacements is from HyFlux2 forced by DWD wind, with a 52% reduction in the standard deviation by subtracting prediction from observations. The GPS network monitors the anticlockwise surge path with maximum land subsidence of 3–5 cm. The tide gauge network monitors both the anticlockwise path of the external wave and the surge associated with strong northwesterly winds.