Tsunamigenic earthquakes in the Gulf of Cadiz: fault model and recurrence

Matias, L.; Cunha, T. A.; Annunziato, Alessandro; Baptista, Maria Ana; Carrilho, Fernando

doi:10.5194/nhess-13-1-2013

Cited by 94 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…For the CW a minimum dip of 5 • is used as the source corresponds to the basis of an accretionary wedge (Gutscher et al, 2006). Regarding the shear modulus (µ) that characterises the rigidity of the earthquake rupture area, a value of 4.5 × 10 10 Pa is chosen for HS, MP and GB, as a higher value of 6.5 × 10 10 Pa would be more appropriate for large width faults that rupture also the upper mantle (Matias et al, 2013). A lower µ value of 3×10 10 Pa is adopted for the CW that occurs in a subduction slab roll-back source area according to Gutscher et al (2002).…”

Section: Tsunamigenic Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of coastal sea-defense infrastructure at El Jadida (Morocco) against tsunami threat: lessons learned from the Japanese 11 March 2011 tsunami

Omira

Baptista

Leone

et al. 2013

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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This paper seeks to investigate the effectiveness of sea-defense structures in preventing/reducing the tsunami overtopping as well as evaluating the resulting tsunami impact at El Jadida, Morocco. Different tsunami wave conditions are generated by considering various earthquake scenarios of magnitudes ranging from M_w = 8.0 to M_w = 8.6. These scenarios represent the main active earthquake faults in the SW Iberia margin and are consistent with two past events that generated tsunamis along the Atlantic coast of Morocco. The behaviour of incident tsunami waves when interacting with coastal infrastructures is analysed on the basis of numerical simulations of near-shore tsunami waves' propagation. Tsunami impact at the affected site is assessed through computing inundation and current velocity using a high-resolution digital terrain model that incorporates bathymetric, topographic and coastal structures data. Results, in terms of near-shore tsunami propagation snapshots, waves' interaction with coastal barriers, and spatial distributions of flow depths and speeds, are presented and discussed in light of what was observed during the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami. Predicted results show different levels of impact that different tsunami wave conditions could generate in the region. Existing coastal barriers around the El Jadida harbour succeeded in reflecting relatively small waves generated by some scenarios, but failed in preventing the overtopping caused by waves from others. Considering the scenario highly impacting the El Jadida coast, significant inundations are computed at the sandy beach and unprotected areas. The modelled dramatic tsunami impact in the region shows the need for additional tsunami standards not only for sea-defense structures but also for the coastal dwellings and houses to provide potential in-place evacuation

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Section: Tsunamigenic Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of coastal sea-defense infrastructure at El Jadida (Morocco) against tsunami threat: lessons learned from the Japanese 11 March 2011 tsunami

Omira

Baptista

Leone

et al. 2013

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…The Northern Atlantic shore of Africa may not account among the most hazardous coasts because tsunamis are rare in the region. However, tsunami remains a real threat along the Moroccan coast as testified by historical events such as the November 1st 1775 tsunami (El Mrabet 1991;Baptista et al 1998;Nevio Zitellini et al 2001;Marc-André Gutscher 2004;Kaabouben et al 2009; L. M. Matias et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunami hazard and buildings vulnerability along the Northern Atlantic coast of Morocco –the 1755-like tsunami in Asilah test-site

Moussaoui

Omira

Zaghloul

et al. 2017

Geoenviron Disasters

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Background: The Atlantic Coast of Morocco is prone to tsunami inundation. Therefore, in this region, earthquakeinduced tsunami hazard has been intensively investigated leading to the development of a number of coastal inundation models. However, tsunami vulnerability remains not well understood to the same extent as the hazard. In this study, we use high-resolution numerical modeling, detailed field survey and GIS-based multi-criteria analysis to assess the building tsunami vulnerability and its sensitivity to the tide variations. Asilah located in the northwestern Atlantic coast of Morocco, where the impact from the 1755 tsunami is well documented, constitutes the area of this study. Results:To model the source-to-coast tsunami processes we used the COMCOT (Cornell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami Model) numerical code on a set of bathymetric/topographic grid layers (640 m, 160 m, 40 m and 10 m resolutions) with an initial sea-surface perturbation generated using Okada's formulae and assuming an instantaneous seabed displacement. The tsunami source models in this study correspond to four 1755-like earthquake scenarios. Results show that Asilah's built environment is highly vulnerable to the tsunami impact that can range from 1.99 to 2.46 km 2 of inundation area, depending on the source and the tidal level considered. The level of building vulnerability decreases considerably when moving away from Asilah's coastline. Moreover, the variation in the tidal level introduces large change in the modeled tsunami impact and, therefore, affects the level of building vulnerability.Conclusion: Thus, we suggest considering the effect of the tide when simulating tsunami hazard and vulnerability, particularly, in coasts where tidal variations are significant. This study provides hazard and vulnerability maps that can be useful to develop the tsunami awareness of the Moroccan coastal population.

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“…Moreover, the size of the tsunami source becomes larger for the shallower focal depth. As anticipated, the size of the seismic area and the average slip in the source are governed by the focal depth (Aki, 1966;Kanamori and Anderson, 1979;Hebert et al, 2001Hebert et al, , 2005Ulutaş et al, 2012;Baptista et al, 2013;Mathias et al, 2013;Ulutaş, 2013). In the case of the shallow-focus earthquake (60 km), the height (the difference between the maximum bottom uplift and its maximum bottom subsidence) is 3.1 m, while in the deep-focus earthquake (609 km) the difference is 0.1 m ( Table 1).…”

Section: The Tsunami Sourcementioning

confidence: 77%

The depth effect of earthquakes on tsunami heights in the Sea of Okhotsk

Zaytsev¹,

Kostenko²,

Kurkin³

et al. 2016

Turkish J Earth Sci

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The earthquake of magnitude M w = 8.3 that occurred on 24 May 2013 in the Sea of Okhotsk was the most powerful earthquake in the region. Fortunately, the generated tsunami was small because of the deep focal depth (609 km) and was only detected by the nearest Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) buoy records. However, the event highlighted the fact that any earthquakes with similar magnitudes at shallower focal depths would have caused considerable tsunamis. In order to evaluate the effects of possible tsunamis in the Sea of Okhotsk, we simulated water displacements due to the 24 May 2013 event and compared the results with the measurements. Moreover, the simulations were extended using different shallower focal depths. In simulations we calculated the coastal amplifications and possible heights of the tsunami waves along the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk.

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Tsunamigenic earthquakes in the Gulf of Cadiz: fault model and recurrence

Cited by 94 publications

References 67 publications

Performance of coastal sea-defense infrastructure at El Jadida (Morocco) against tsunami threat: lessons learned from the Japanese 11 March 2011 tsunami

Performance of coastal sea-defense infrastructure at El Jadida (Morocco) against tsunami threat: lessons learned from the Japanese 11 March 2011 tsunami

Tsunami hazard and buildings vulnerability along the Northern Atlantic coast of Morocco –the 1755-like tsunami in Asilah test-site

The depth effect of earthquakes on tsunami heights in the Sea of Okhotsk

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