Addition of dimension stone waste to clayey mass is an alternative to make the dimension stone sector more environmentally sustainable and to reduce the consumption of clayey raw material. Our aim is to study the technical feasibility of dimension stone waste addition to the clayey mass used in roof tile production. Samples of waste and clay were tested for physical, chemical, mineralogical and microstructural characterization. Samples containing dimension stone waste contents, varying from 10% to 90% (wt.), were produced and burned in industrial furnace of a structural ceramic factory at a 900°C maximum temperature for 24 hours. The technological characteristics evaluated were water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent density, loss on ignition, linear shrinkage and flexural strength. The results show that the samples with up to 60% waste content can be used in the production of ceramic bodies, since the waste promoted the physical packing of the grains, which increased the densification of ceramic bodies. With that, the waste-improved ceramic characteristics were analyzed. From 60% content onwards, the waste was not be able to fill the remaining interstices between the clay grains to densify the ceramic body because both raw materials have similar particle size distribution. Furthermore, the excess silica, in the form of quartz contained in the waste, presents an inert behavior in the factory firing temperature used in this research, causing fracture points and decreasing the flexural strength.
ResumoNeste trabalho foi avaliada a utilização de dregs, um resíduo sólido inorgânico proveniente do processo Kraft, como matéria-prima alternativa em cerâmica vermelha. As matérias-primas foram caracterizadas por fluorescência de raios X, difração de raios X, distribuição de tamanho de partículas, análise térmica diferencial e termogravimétrica. Os corpos de prova com adições de até 40% em massa do resíduo foram conformados por prensagem uniaxial e sinterizados a 850 e 950 °C, sendo então determinadas as seguintes propriedades físico-mecânicas: resistência à flexão, retração linear, absorção de água, porosidade aparente, massa específica aparente e perda ao fogo. Também foi feita análise das fases desenvolvidas durante a sinterização e da microestrutura final por difração de raios X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram que a incorporação de até 20% em massa de dregs não interferiu na resistência à flexão da massa, sendo possível sua utilização em substituição parcial da argila. Palavras-chave: cerâmica vermelha, resíduos industriais, dregs. AbstractIn this paper the use of dregs, an inorganic solid waste generated by Kraft process, as an alternative raw material in red ceramic was evaluated. The raw materials, dregs and clay, were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution by laser diffraction, differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry. Formulations with varying dregs content between 0 and 40 wt% were prepared. The plasticity of mixtures was evaluated by Atterberg method. Specimens were obtained by uniaxial pressing and fired at 850 and 950 °C, then the following physicalmechanical properties were determined: flexural strength, firing shrinkage, water absorption, open porosity, bulk density and loss on ignition. Crystalline phases developed during sintering and final microstructure were evaluated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The results showed that incorporation of dregs until 20 wt% did not affect flexural strength, being possible its use in partial replacement of clay.
ResumoA incorporação de resíduo na massa argilosa é uma alternativa para diminuir o consumo de matéria-prima dando simultaneamente um destino adequado ao resíduo e assim preservar o meio ambiente. Este trabalho visa estudar a viabilidade técnica de utilização da lama de alto forno em massa argilosa usada na indústria de cerâmica vermelha. Neste sentido foram obtidas amostras da lama de alto forno e de argila e submetidas a ensaios de caracterização química, mineralógica e microestrutural. Amostras com teores de lama de alto forno variando entre 5% e 90% foram produzidas e queimadas em forno industrial à temperatura entre 800ºC e 900ºC durante 24 horas. As características tecnológicas avaliadas foram: absorção de água, porosidade aparente, massa específica aparente, perda de massa e resistência mecânica. Os estudos mostram que a lama de alto forno contribui para economia energética permitindo eficácia de queima. Os corpos-de-prova com até 5% de lama de alto forno obtiveram os melhores resultados nas características analisadas. Palavras-chave: Resíduo; Lama de alto forno; Cerâmica vermelha; Economia energética. TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY STUDY OF INCORPORATION OF BLAST FURNACE SLUDGE IN CLAYEY MASS AbstractThe incorporation of residue in the clayey mass is an alternative to reduce material consumption of raw materials to making a suitable destination for residue and preserve the environment. The aim of this paper is to study the technical feasibility of incorporating the blast furnace sludge in clayey mass used in the structural ceramic industry. Samples of blast furnace sludge and clay were obtained and tested for chemical, mineralogical and microstructural characterization. Samples containing blast furnace sludge between 5% and 90% were fired in the industrial furnace at a temperature 800°C and 900°C for 24 hours. The following were evaluated: water absorption, apparent porosity, bulk density, weight loss and mechanical strength. Studies show that the blast furnace sludge contributes to energy saving and provides firing efficacy. The best results in the characteristics analyzed were obtained in the samples with 5% of blast furnace sludge.
The hydraulic tile is a cement material produced in a handmade way, pressed, composed by three layers. With the coming of sidewalks adaptation in accessibility patterns, the tactile-floor tile hydraulic was developed to constitute the floor strip of alert for vision disabled people. The work has the objective to develop the mix design of the tile containing hydraulic binder with addition of granite residue. Properties analyzed: water absorption, rupture load, flexural modulus and wear by abrasion test. It was verified that the addition of residue to the tile, that it acted as a filler, promoted improvements in the analyzed properties; which makes the addition of granite residue an alternative technically feasible for the use in sidewalks and also a contribution to the sustainable development of the sector of granite improvement.Keywords: tactile-floor tile hydraulic, residue improvement dimension stone, accessibility, sustainability, recycling.O ladrilho hidráulico é um material cimentíceo produzido de forma artesanal, prensado, composto de três camadas. Com o advento da adaptação de calçadas em padrões de acessibilidade, foi desenvolvido o ladrilho hidráulico piso tátil para constituir a faixa de piso de alerta para deficientes visuais. O trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver a dosagem do ladrilho contendo aglomerante hidráulico com adição de resíduo de granito. Foram analisadas as propriedades: absorção de água, carga de ruptura, módulo de resistência à flexão e a resistência ao desgaste por abrasão. Foi verificado que a adição do resíduo ao ladrilho, que agiu como um fíler, promoveu melhorias nas propriedades analisadas, o que faz com que a adição de resíduo de granito seja uma alternativa tecnicamente viável para uso em calçadas e contribua para o desenvolvimento sustentável do setor de beneficiamento de granito.Palavras-chave: ladrilho hidráulico piso tátil, resíduo de beneficiamento de rochas ornamentais, acessibilidade, sustentabilidade, reciclagem. CT, fernandoavancini@ct.ufes.br, Av. Fernando Ferrari, n°514, Goiabeiras -CEP 29075-973 -, Vitória -Espirito Santo -Brasil Received: 18 Mar 2009 • Accepted: 24 Aug 2010 • Available Online: 17 Dec 2010 Tactile-floor tile hydraulic with addition residue improvement dimension stones AbstractResumo Volume 3, Number 4 (December, 2010) p. 390 -419 • ISSN 1983 © 2010 IBRACON MethodologyInitially, the material components of hydraulic tile and the residue to be added into the formulation were characterized. Tile hydraulic factories in the state of Espirito Santo were visited in order to study the methodology for mix design of hydraulic tile, and from that point, the experimental study of mix design of tactile-floor hydraulic tile with added residue began, as well as the verification of properties of the hydraulic tiles obtained in LEMAC UFES. Characterization of materialsThe materials that make up the hydraulic tiles are divided into three layers, namely:• top layer -composed of Portland cement CPIII40RS, residue, water and pigment Bayferrox 732;
ResumoA indústria de cerâmica vermelha brasileira consome 10,3 bilhões de toneladas de argila ao mês para produção de telhas e blocos. Uma alternativa para tornar o setor mais sustentável ambientalmente é a incorporação de resíduos na massa argilosa. Na própria olaria são gerados resíduos, tal como, o resíduo de massa cerâmica crua originado na etapa de conformação das peças. Este trabalho visa caracterizar o resíduo de massa cerâmica crua para incorporação na massa argilosa usada em cerâmica vermelha. O resíduo de massa cerâmica crua foi caracterizado através de ensaios de FRX, DRX, calorimetria exploratória diferencial e termogravimetria, limites de Atterberg e distribuição de tamanho de partículas. Corpos de prova foram conformados, secos à 110ºC e queimados à 900ºC em forno industrial e foram submetidos a ensaios de absorção de água, porosidade aparente, massa específica aparente e resistência à flexão. Os resultados evidenciam que as propriedades cerâmicas avaliadas nos corpos de prova atendem aos valores das argilas-padrão brasileiras para uso em cerâmica vermelha. Palavras-chave: Resíduo de massa cerâmica crua; Cerâmica vermelha; Caracterização; Resíduo. CHARACTERIZATION OF RAW CERAMIC MASS WASTE FOR USE IN STRUCTURAL CERAMIC AbstractThe Brazilian structural ceramic industry consumes 10.3 billion tons of clay per month for production of roof tiles and blocks. An alternative to make the sector more environmentally sustainable is the incorporation of waste in the clayey mass. Wastes, such as the raw ceramic mass waste originated in the pieces conformation stage, are generated in the pottery itself. This paper aims to characterize the raw ceramic mass waste for incorporation in the clayey mass used in structural ceramic. The raw ceramic mass waste was tested for XRF, XRD, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry, Atterberg limits and particle size distribution. Specimens were conformed, dried at 110°C and burned at 900°C in the industrial furnace and, after that, tested for water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent specific mass and flexural strength. The results show that the ceramic properties evaluated in the specimens meet the requirements of the Brazilian standard clays for structural ceramics.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.