The present study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant status in canine cancer patients. Patients with multicentric lymphoma, oral fibrosarcoma, mast cell tumor, malignant melanoma, appendicular osteosarcoma, nasal tumors and peripheral ameloblastoma were selected. Each group consisted of 6 patients. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and enzyme antioxidants: glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in serum and whole blood, respectively, and were compared to 31 healthy dogs. The results of the study showed a significant increase of CAT activity in tumor groups except in the patients with nasal tumors. SOD activity increased significantly in malignant melanoma, mast cell tumor, multicentric lymphoma and oral fibrosarcoma patients. Appendicular osteosarcoma and multicentric lymphoma patients showed significantly increased levels of GPX and TAC, respectively. Activities of CAT and SOD were significantly higher comparing the all 42 cancer patients with healthy dogs. Tumor patients showed significantly lower levels of haemoglobin when compared to healthy dogs. The increase of antioxidant enzyme activities and TAC in these animals suggest the activation of antioxidant defence mechanisms in different cancer diseases. Further studies involving more animals and other antioxidant parameters and oxidative stress markers are necessary.
The aim of the present study was to determine changes in plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and haematological and biochemical profiles in 10 clinically healthy standardbred horses subjected to a selected field exercise test. Correlations between plasma MDA, the main lipid peroxidation end-product, and muscle enzymes: creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined in serum samples. Venous blood samples for determination of selected blood parameters were collected, immediately post exercise, and 24 and 48 hours post exercise.Significant changes in most of the biochemical and haematological parameters determined immediately after exercise reflect the normal physiological response of horses to a selected field exercise test. Most of these parameters returned to or close to the stall values within 48 hours. The concentration of plasma MDA increased immediately post exercise, though not significantly; however it increased significantly 24 hours post exercise and reached its highest value 48 hours post exercise. Thus exercise-induced oxidative stress is evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation. From the rapid decline of serum CK activity post exercise and the absence of significant correlations between MDA and serum muscle enzymes, we concluded that the selected field exercise test caused no permanent alteration in muscle cell integrity or muscle damage.
Adjunctive corticosteroid treatment to reduce excessive local inflammatory response in pneumonia is controversial. To study the effects of an early local adjunct dexamethasone treatment on the course of pneumonia and inflammatory/cytokine response, mice were intratracheally inoculated with live Porphyromonas gingivalis and treated with either clindamycin (C), dexamethasone (D), C+D combination, or were not treated (Pg). Six mice from each group were euthanized at 6, 24, 72, and 168 hours after inoculation. Levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, soluble TNF-α receptors (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in the serum and lung-homogenate supernatant were determined. Lung samples were histopathologically assessed and all findings compared to those found in 24 sham-inoculated mice (phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]). Severe P. gingivalis-induced bronchopneumonia progressed from 24 hours, peaked at 72 hours, and resolved after 168 hours with changes in local and systemic cytokine levels. Clindamycin-treated mice developed only mild bronchopneumonia that resolved fast (72 hours) with an early (6-24 hours) normalization of local and systemic cytokine levels. Similar course of pneumonia and cytokine level changes were observed in mice treated with C+D, but later. Early (6-24 hours) local elevation of sTNFRs was observed in C and C+D groups of mice, whereas nontreated (Pg) mice had increased systemic sTNFRs. Severe bronchopneumonia with delayed resolution was observed in D-group mice, with an early local and systemic decrease in sTNFR1 and persistent elevation of local TNF-α. Clindamycin or a clindamycin-dexamethasone combination treatment significantly improves the course of P. gingivalis-aspiration pneumonia, but more so if clindamycin alone is used. A favorable course of pneumonia seems to be associated with an early elevation of sTNFRs and normalization of TNF-α.
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine whether 31P NMR can efficiently detect X-ray radiation induced changes of energy metabolism in mice. Exposure to ionizing radiation causes changes in energy supply that are associated with the tissue damage because of oxidative stress and uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation. This has as a consequence decreased phosphocreatine to adenosine triphosphate ratio (Pcr/ATP) as well as increased creatine kinase (CK) and liver enzymes (transaminases AST and ALT) levels in serum.Materials and methodsIn this study, experimental mice that received 7 Gy of X-ray radiation and a control group were studied by 31P NMR spectroscopy and biochemically by measuring CK and liver enzyme levels in plasma. Mice (irradiated and control) were measured at regular time intervals for the next three weeks after the exposure to radiation.ResultsA significant change in the Pcr/ATP ratio, determined from corresponding peaks of 31P NMR spectra, was observed in the 7 Gy group 2 days or more after the irradiation, while no significant change in the Pcr/ATP ratio, was observed in the control group. This result was supported by parallel measurements of CK levels that were highly increased immediately after the irradiation which correlates with the observed decrease of the Pcr/ATP ratio and with it associated drop of muscle energy supply.ConclusionsThe 31P NMR measurements of the Pcr/ATP ratio can in principle serve as an instantaneous and noninvasive index for assessment of the received dose of irradiation.
The results of few studies on tryptophan supplementation conducted in horses are contradictory and none of these studies have shown that tryptophan is an effective calmative in horses. The objective of the present study was to determine changes in hematological parameters, plasma lactate, serum cortisol and biochemical profile, as well as the behavior of untreated and calmative treated horses under stressful conditions in order to determine the effects of the applied calmative. The study also aims to confirm the importance of a 24 hour rest after work. The same six horses were on duty twice, Trial I and Trial II, under stressful conditions. Blood samples were collected three times, at pretransport, post-stress and resting phase. Horses' behavior was observed carefully by the riders. The study showed that most changes of the hematological and biochemical profiles reflect the response to exercise as horses were physically active while being on duty. The effect of the calmative is mainly reflected by a minor extent of changes of measured parameters, as determined by comparison at individual sampling phases. According to the observations of horses' behavior, we may conclude that the use of calmatives did calm the horses. The study confirmed that horses need at least 24 hours of rest after working
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