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Background Preeclampsia is leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide and it is a hypertensive disorder which usually occurs after 20 weeks of gestation. In Ethiopia, according to Ethiopian National Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care about 10% of all maternal mortality (direct and indirect) were due to preeclampsia. Despite this condition has adverse effects on the maternal and child health, its prevalence is still significant especially in developing countries including Ethiopia. Objectives The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence and associated factors of preeclampsia among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Mettu Karl referral hospital. Method The study was conducted at Mettu Karl referral hospital using institutional based cross sectional study design among women whose age was greater or equal to eighteen from March to April 2018. Data were collected from 129 participants by face to face interview technique using structured and pretested questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with preeclampsia development. Result A total of 129 participants were enrolled in the study with the mean age of 25.87 [SD ± 4.757]. Prevalence of preeclampsia among the current pregnant women who attend ANC in Mettu Karl Hospital were 16 (12.4%) with 95% CI (7, 18). Predictor variables like respondents age (AOR = .009, 95% CI = [.000, .317]), current multiple pregnancy (AOR = .071, 95% CI = [.007, .773]) and history of diabetes mellitus (AOR = .058, 95% CI = [.007–.465]) were significantly associated with the current preeclampsia. Conclusion The finding of this study showed that a considerable proportion of women had preeclampsia. Health seeking behavior towards pregnant women’s should be encouraged for both urban and rural residents, which provide a chance to diagnose preeclampsia as early as possible and to prevent the coming complication towards preeclampsia.

BackgroundThere are several epidemiological studies available on hepatitis B virus among pregnant women in Ethiopia. These individual studies revealed wide variation over time and across geographical areas. The aim of this systematic review and Meta-analysis is to estimate the overall prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Ethiopia.MethodsA comprehensive search of electronic databases including PubMed, Popline, Lalicus, Ovid, MedNar, African Journal Online (AJOL) and advanced Google Scholar was conducted regardless of publication year from August 30, 2017 to September 25, 2017. The search was updated on January 02, 2018 to minimize time-lag bias. The methodological qualities of included studies were assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instruments.ResultsOut of 103 studies, 17 studies with a total of 5629 pregnant women were included in the Meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women using random-effect model was 4.7%(95% CI 4.0–5.4%). The I2 statistics was I2 = 37.9%(p = 0.0575). Even though significant heterogeneity among studies was not detected, the I2 = 37.9% suggests medium heterogeneity. A subgroup Meta-analysis showed that study site, region, mean/median sample size, hepatitis B virus screening methods and methodological quality were not source of heterogeneity (p-difference > 0.05).ConclusionThis review shows an intermediate level of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Ethiopia. In addition to the current practice of child vaccination, routine and universal antenatal hepatitis B virus screening program need to be implemented.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3234-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

BackgroundAnemia during pregnancy is a common public health problem globally and it defined as the hemoglobin concentration of less than 11 g/dl. Anemia during pregnancy has maternal and perinatal diverse consequences and it increase the risk of maternal and perinatal mortality. The aim of this study is to assess magnitude and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Bench Maji, Keffa and Sheka zones of public hospitals, South west, Ethiopia, 2018.MethodsA cross-sectional study was employed on 1871 pregnant mothers from selected hospitals. All third trimester pregnant women attending antenatal care at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Tepi, Gebretsadik Shawo and Wacha public hospitals were included in the study. Data was entered to Epidata version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify independently associate factors at confidence interval of 95% and significance level of P-value <0.05.ResultThe magnitude of anemia in this study from the total study participant was 356 (19.0%). Among anemic pregnant women, 330 (92.7%), 21(5.9%) and 5(1.4%) were mild anemia, moderate anemia and severe anemia respectively. Age group 20–24 [AOR 6.28(2.40–16.42)], 25–29 [AOR = 6.38 (2.71–15.01)], 30–34 [AOR = 5.13 (2.27–11.58) and age ≥35 years [AOR = 2.53 (1.07–5.98)], educational status (read and write) [AOR 2.06, 95% CI (1.12–3.80)], gestational age(term)[AOR 1.94, 95% CI (1.27–2.96)], Caffeine (coffee and tea) and alcohol use occasionally [AOR 2.01, 95% CI (1.14–3.55)] and [AOR 2.59, 95% CI (1.49–4.52)] respectively, nutritional status (under nutrition) [AOR 3.00, 95% CI (2.22–3.97)] and family size (>6) [AOR 2.66, 95% CI (1.49–4.77)] were factors associated with anemia.ConclusionThe magnitude of anemia found to be high. Age, educational status of the mother, gestational age, caffeine and alcohol use, Nutritional status and family size were factors significantly associated with anemia. To prevent adverse outcome of anemia, health care providers should work on these factors.

IntroductionNeonatal birth injury is the functional or structural damage of the new-born during child birth. Fetal related factors such as macrosomia, fetal height, fetal weight, and prematurity; maternal related factors such as overly young and old maternal age, parity, poor maternal health, and pelvic anomalies contribute to neonatal birth injury. Labor and delivery related factors including prolonged labor, fetal mal-presentation and mal-position, cesarean and instrumental deliveries also predispose the neonate to birth injury. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and associated factors of birth injury among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Governmental Hospitals of Southwest Ethiopia.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and associated factors of birth injury among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in governmental hospitals in Southwest Ethiopia.MethodHospital-based cross-sectional study design was implemented at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Bonga Gebretsadik Shawo General Hospital, and Tepi General Hospital. A total of 1,315 neonates were included in the study using systematic random sampling techniques. Data was entered using Epi-Data version 4.2 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to see the association between the dependent and independent variable.ResultsThe prevalence of neonatal birth injury was 16.7%. Predictors such as primipara, no formal education, mothers with no antenatal care, and mothers whose occupational status were unemployed were 12.27, 2.52, 2.40, and 4.26 times more likely to develop neonatal birth injuries than their counterparts, respectively. Whereas, maternal age within the age range of 25–34 years, and neonates delivered via instrumental delivery were 6.68, and 2.81 times more likely to develop neonatal birth injury compared to those whose age was greater than 34 years and neonates delivered through Cesarean section, respectively.ConclusionThe magnitude of birth injury in the current study was significantly high. Primiparity, mothers with no history of antenatal care follow up, uneducated women, unemployed women, mode of delivery, and maternal age between 25 and 34 years were strong predictors associated with neonatal birth injury. Therefore, comprehensive maternal health care such as antenatal care follow up and health institution delivery should be promoted and well addressed to all reproductive age women and special attention should be given particularly to pregnant women in order to mitigate problems related to childbirth.

Abstract:Background: Tuberculosis and HIV have been closely linked since the emergence of AIDS. The aim of this study is to assess magnitude of Tuberculosis and its associated factors among HIV patients at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital in Bahir Dar city. Methods: Institutional based Cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2012 in Bahir Dar city. Systematic sampling technique was employed to collect the data; both primary and secondary data were collected by interviewing HIV cases and reviewing their cards. The data were analyzed in bivariate and multivariate analysis using SPSS version 20. Result: The study was conducted among a total of 385 HIV cases. The prevalence of Tuberculosis was 10.1%. This study declared that body mass index (BMI), CD4 count and functional status were significant predictors of tuberculosis (TB). Besides, HIV cases whose BMI less than 18.5 were more than five times more likely to develop TB compared to those with BMI greater than 24.5 (AOR= 5.24, 95%CI:1.01-27.13), individual HIV cases whose CD4 count less than 200 were more than seven times likely to develop Tuberculosis compared to those whose CD4 count greater than 500 (AOR= 7.33, 95%CI:1.57-34.28), besides, the study explored that respondents who were bed redden and ambulatory were more than eight and six times more likely to develop Tuberculosis compared to those respondents who were able to work respectively (AOR=8.61, 95%CI: 1. . Conclusion: This study showed that magnitude of TB among HIV cases was 10.1%. HIV patients, whose BMI less than 18.5, CD4 count <200/µL, ambulatory and bedridden patients should be closely supervised by increasing patient round frequency and providing special nutritious food. TB/HIV co-infected patients should get all services in TB clinic. The Hospital should provide fast triaging systems for coughing patients and reducing their waiting time for services.

Purpose After the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), successful HAART is characterized by an increase in the CD4 + count. Several factors affect the CD4 + T-cell count. This study aimed to assess the immunological response during HAART and determinants of the current CD4 + T-cell count among HIV/AIDS patients on HAART. Patients and Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1 to April 1, 2017. A total of 423 HIV/AIDS patients on HAART were enrolled using simple random sampling. Descriptive statistics, and bivariate and multiple regression analyses were conducted. Variables with p -value <0.2 in the bivariate analysis were entered in the multiple regression models. p -Values <0.05 and 95% confidence intervals were used to identify determinants of the current CD4 + T-cell count. Results The mean CD4 + T-cell count gradually increased until 8 years on HAART but declined thereafter. An increased current CD4 + T-cell count was observed among patients with an initial regimen of pediatric d4T-3TC-NVP [ β =185.5, 95% CI (8.8, 362.2)] ( p =0.040), with increased baseline CD4 + T-cell count [ β =0.468, 95% CI (0.342, 0.594)] ( p <0.0001), and with long duration on HAART [ β =18.0, 95% CI (9.9, 26.1)] ( p <0.0001), whereas a decreased level of current CD4 + T-cell count was observed among males [ β =−72.7, 95% CI (−114.5, –30.9)]) ( p <0.0001) and those with poor baseline adherence [ β =−108.9, 95% CI (−210.9, −7.0)] ( p =0.036) and viral load >1000 copies [ β =−189.2, 95% CI (−243.5, −134.9)] ( p <0.0001). Conclusion The trend in immunological response was not increased linearly throughout the HAART duration. Sex, type of initial regimen, baseline adherence, baseline CD4 + count, viral load, and duration on HAART were independent determinants of current CD4 + count. These determinants could be addressed by regular monitoring of HIV patients on HAART, and special attention should be paid to male patients.

Purpose: Ethiopia is grouped with countries with no national strategy for surveillance of viral hepatitis. Hence, data on hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the general population are limited. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of HBV infection among adults in Southwest Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in