Anti-vaccination movement has existed as long as the vaccines themselves, but its mode of action and social influences evolved over time. Such attitude with no doubt has negative impact on vaccination rates and eradication of infectious diseases. In this study, we used an online survey to examine vaccination attitudes of Polish university students of various degree and specialties. A total of 1,386 questionnaires were completed, among them 617 from students attending medical schools and 769 from students of non-medical schools. Up to 95.24% (N = 1320) of the study subjects, among them 98.70% and 92.46% of students of medical and non-medical specialties, respectively, declared willingness to vaccinate their children. 47.19% (N = 654) of participants have a contact with anti-vaccination propaganda at least once in a lifetimes. 42.64% (N = 591) of respondents were aware of the existence of anti-vaccination movements; 45.35% (N = 414) of participants, including 306 (51.52%) and 108 (33.86%) students of medical and non-medical disciplines, respectively, considered such movements as a negative phenomenon. Vaccination attitudes of students from medical and non-medical universities differed considerably. Vaccination knowledge and awareness among the students from non-medical universities were rather poor, markedly lower than in the students of medical disciplines. Nevertheless, irrespective of their major, Polish students have considerable knowledge gaps with regards to vaccination and need additional education in this matter.
Introduction. Turner syndrome (TS) is one of the most common chromosomal aberrations. Patients with TS reach a final height that is 20 cm shorter than the average female height in a given population. Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy is used, which improves the height gain and allows to achieve a more satisfying final stature. Materials and methods. In this study, we analyzed data of 13 patients of the University Children's Hospital in Lublin diagnosed with TS. All of the participants were qualified for the growth hormone therapy program and all of them received rhGH for at least 3 years. Results. The patients' mean height at initiation of therapy was 119.9 ± 19 cm. In all cases, height was <3pc for age and sex. In the first three years of therapy, patients took a mean dose of growth hormone 0.05 ± 0.01 mg/kg/day. After initiating rhGH, the mean height velocity (HV) in the first year of therapy was the greatest and reached 7.77 ± 1.85 cm/year, it was also higher in patients with lower initial height and in those who started therapy earlier. In the second and third year of rGH therapy, the height velocity clearly decreased. Neither the hormone dosage or the age at initiation of therapy significantly affected the three-year treatment effect. After three years of therapy, no side effects, which would be the basis for discontinuation of treatment, were observed. Conclusions. In most patients with TS, rhGH therapy at a dose of 0.05 Evaluation of the results of Turner syndrome patients during the first three years of recombinant human growth hormone therapy (± 0.011) mg/kg/day causes a significant increase in the height velocity especially in first year of treatment.
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