In the modern educational process, the proportion of independent work for students increases. The aim of this study is to develop an approach to organizing student work based on their level of education (bachelor’s or master’s). Creating a new approach based on the level of learning is important because it will improve the quality of independent work of students and increase their level of motivation for independent learning. A survey study was carried out among 210 bachelor’s students (second year) and 60 master’s students (first year) to determine their preferences towards the structure and types of independent work and its assessment. (The total number of respondents were 270.) Respondents were selected based on their level of education. A total of 76 lecturers were also selected to take part in the study. In this paper, we describe an approach to organizing student independent work based on the survey results. We found that the independent work of undergraduate students consisted of working with given materials (80%) and literature searches (20%). Most of the lecturer respondents considered work with ready to use educational materials to be the most favorable for bachelor’s students (70%), with much fewer considering independent or mixed work to be more effective (8% and 22%, respectively). The final module testing includes the questions addressed in the classroom and the topics students studied independently. The practical significance is that the developed approach to organizing student independent work can be used by any institution of higher education within the Bologna Process.
The article presents the results of calculating the tax burden on the example of a specific organization, which are based on accounting (financial) and tax reporting data, which are digital data of the information and digital platform of the Federal Tax Service of Russia, as well as the results of identifying the socio-environmental factor in order to identify its impact on the tax burden. The purpose of the research paper is to assess the tax burden of organizations and identify the socio-environmental factor on the basis of the information platform of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation. On the basis of the analysis and synthesis, the authors summarized the results of the taxation of organizations, taking into account the digital technologies of the civil service, and also formulated conclusions about the further development of the sphere of digital services in the field of taxation, which is necessary for assessing the tax burden as a significant resulting indicator of the activities of organizations.
The article presents the experience of designing the educational module "Special and Developmental Teaching" of School Psychology Master’s program. The modular-sized program includes practical training and research activity in each module in a networking, it complies with Federal State Educational Standard and professional teaching and educational psychology standarts. Practice-oriented education Master’s training model based on the activity and competence approaches is productive. We have shown the advantages of networking and the need to divert more resources towards practical training and to include research activity in particular module. It is necessary to teach educational psychologists not only to "know", but also to "knows how", to have professional thinking and metasubject competencies, to have the capacity for reflection, i. e. to operate in an uncertain environment for new schemes on the basis of the scientific method. It is important that the modular principle design allows adding training subjects from one of educational program to other and so developing new programs.
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