In modern world Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies have become the key enabler for a sheer diversity of the Internet of Things (IoT) applications involving massive deployment of resource-limited devices. In this paper we address the problem of improving the network scalability for one of the most widely used today licensee-free-band LPWAN technologies, named LoRaWAN. We show that the conventional method for assigning the spreading factor (SF) parameter to the devices in a LoRaWAN network, which effectively minimizes the consumption of individual devices, has some drawbacks when this comes to the scalability of the network as whole. Therefore, in this paper we propose another method of assigning the SFs to the nodes, which improves the probability of data delivery in an LPWAN at a cost of minor increase of the devices' consumption. The results of the conducted simulations confirm and characterize the utility of the proposed method.
The Internet of Things (IoT) devices and applications are spreading all over around us to become the cardiovascular infrastructure for the data of the cyber-physical systems of the future. The implementation of a reliable collection of telemetry data within various application domains, including medicine, safety, and security, industry, smart cities, or environmental monitoring, to name just a few, is among the major challenges still to be solved. Importantly, many of the use cases imply a huge geographic area span or operation in remote areas with limited infrastructure availability and poor reachability. To address these scenarios in this paper, we propose a combination of the two technologies the Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) and the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Specifically, we study the energy utility and the communication performance of introducing a UAV-based GW into an LPWAN based on the LoRaWAN technology. The results of our simulations show that a UAVbased GW enables to reduce the mean energy consumption for communication in the network by up to 59%. Depending on the UAV speed, the communication performance in terms of the packet delivery ratio can either increase or decrease by several percentage points.
Supported by the remarkable progress across many technological domains, the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem demonstrates steady growth over the few past years. This growth enables a number of new exciting applications. Nonetheless, hardly one can say today that the utility of the IoT is used to its full potential. This fact is especially notable for the monitoring applications deployed in remote areas. To address the needs of these use cases, in the article we propose a solution based on the combination of three key technologies: the low-power wide area networks, the unmanned aerial vehicles, and the wireless power transfer. In the article, we first detail the novel concept of a wireless power transfer-enabled unmanned aerial vehicle employed to charge the LoRaWAN sensor nodes. Then, via extensive simulations and analysis of an illustrative LoRaWAN application, we investigate both technical and, notably, business performance indicators, and compare them against the ones for a baseline scenario with no unmanned aerial vehicle. Our results illustratively demonstrate that in the long-term perspective, the inclusion of a wireless power transfer-enabled drone may drastically reduce the system's operating expenses. At the very same time, our results highlight the limits, bottlenecks, and trade-offs related to the proposed concept, thus providing the basis and calling for further investigation.
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