Improving the Energy Efficiency of a LoRaWAN by a UAV-based Gateway

Tiurlikova, Aleksandra; Stepanov, Nikita; Mikhaylov, Konstantin

doi:10.1109/icumt48472.2019.8970857

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…In the opposite scenario, where the end-nodes are fixed and the gateway is mobile, the work carried out is almost limited to unmanned aerial systems that use LoRaWAN gateways as mobile data sinks for various applications such as localization [ 48 , 49 ], the backup communication system in case of environmental disasters or hostile locations such as mines and forests [ 50 , 51 ], and many environmental monitoring applications. The performance analysis of such systems is mainly concerned with the efficient scheduling of the data collection and routing of the LoRaWAN gateway due to the limited power capacity in

s [ 52 , 53 , 54 ]. Unmanned aerial systems collect data while hovering over the end-nodes at low speeds and stay in location until all transmission is complete.…”

Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobility of LoRaWAN Gateways for Efficient Environmental Monitoring in Pristine Sites

Sobhi

Elzanaty

Selim

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Environmental monitoring of delicate ecosystems or pristine sites is critical to their preservation. The communication infrastructure for such monitoring should have as little impact on the natural ecosystem as possible. Because of their wide range capabilities and independence from heavy infrastructure, low-power wide area network protocols have recently been used in remote monitoring. In this regard, we propose a mobile vehicle-mounted gateway architecture for IoT data collection in communication-network-free areas. The limits of reliable communication are investigated in terms of gateway speed, throughput, and energy consumption. We investigate the performance of various gateway arrival scenarios, focusing on the trade-off between freshness of data, data collection rate, and end-node power consumption. Then we validate our findings using both real-world experiments and simulations. In addition, we present a case study exploiting the proposed architecture to provide coverage for Wadi El-Gemal national park in Egypt. The results show that reliable communication is achieved over all spreading factors (SFs) for gateway speeds up to 150 km/h with negligible performance degradation at SFs=11,12 at speeds more than 100 km/h. The synchronized transmission model ensures the best performance in terms of throughput and power consumption at the expense of the freshness of data. Nonsynchronized transmission allows time-flexible data collection at the expense of increased power consumption. The same throughput as semisynchronized transmission is achieved using four gateways at only five times the energy consumption, while a single gateway requires seventeen times the amount of energy. Furthermore, increasing the number of gateways to ten increases the throughput to the level achieved by the synchronized scenario while consuming eight times the energy.

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s [ 52 , 53 , 54 ]. Unmanned aerial systems collect data while hovering over the end-nodes at low speeds and stay in location until all transmission is complete.…”

Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobility of LoRaWAN Gateways for Efficient Environmental Monitoring in Pristine Sites

Sobhi

Elzanaty

Selim

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…Zorbas et al [3] focused on energy efficiency and packet collection success rate: they modified the classical ALOHA transmission policy to introduce a more efficient synchronized time-scheduled transmission mechanism Obtained results Prototype N d Design, implementation, and evaluation [2] of an architecture for enhancing LoRAWAN Yes 7 deployments by employing a LoRa-drone GW Developed a new transmission policy [3] introducing a synchronized time-scheduled No n.a. transmission mechanism to eliminate packet collisions Simulations show that adopting [4] a flying LoRaWAN GW reduces the mean No n.a. energy consumption of the EDs by up to 59% Developed and realized lab tests [5] - [6] as well as an experiment of a flying LoRaWAN Yes 2 GW equipped with a simulated satellite connection Obtained an analytical model that can be used [7] to configure the path of the drone to guarantee No n.a.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They achieved 0% packet collisions through simulations in an environment populated by 80 devices. Tiurlikova et al [4] focused on the energy efficiency aspect of adopting a flying LoRaWAN GW in the network, showing through simulations that a UAV-based GW can reduce the mean energy consumption of EDs for communication in the network by up to 59%. In Caruso et al [7], a theoretical model is formulated to understand analytically how close a UAV that uses a LoRa radio needs to fly over the sensors to achieve a certain quality of data collection.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data collection from LoRaWAN sensor network by UAV gateway: design, empirical results and dataset

Canello,

Mignardi,

Mikhaylov

et al. 2023

2023 Joint European Conference on Networks and Communications &Amp; 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit)

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Collecting data from Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, especially the variety of sensors dispersed in the environment, is an increasingly important and difficult task. Several long-range radio-access technologies, such as low-power widearea networks (LPWAN) and specifically LoRaWAN, have been proposed to address this challenge. However, until now, the key focus of the related studies has been on static terrestrial LPWAN deployments. In this study, we depart from this vision and investigate the practical feasibility and performance of a LoRaWAN gateway (GW) on a flying platform, specifically -an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The key contributions of this study are (i) the design and field-testing of a packet-sniffer-based mobile LoRaWAN GW prototype, allowing collection of the data from LoRaWAN networks, including the already deployed ones; (ii) the open-publication of the data collected during our experimental campaign in the 426 LoRaWAN sensor node network of the University of Oulu illustrating the performance of different drone trajectories; (iii) the initial results of the system's performance analysis, revealing some interesting trends and setting goals for further studies, and pinpointing the lessons learned during the experimental campaign. Our empirical findings suggest that the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) trajectory is the most effective moving trajectory for the number of packets collected and the average energy consumed per packet collected.

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“…However, neither study focuses on the power consumption and lifetime of the LoRaWAN terminal device. The authors of [152] highlight the energy efficiency of a LoRaWAN using UAV technology to collect periodic sensor data reports. The simulation results show that a UAV-based GW can reduce the average power consumption for network communications by up to 59%, depending on the trajectory or speed of the UAV.…”

Section: ) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Uavs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Layered Energy Efficiency in LoRa-WAN Networks: A Tutorial

et al. 2022

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Emerging Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications are driving increasing demand for advanced services in wireless networks, prompting the development of new technologies to address the associated challenges. Energy efficiency of IoT standards is a key feature targeted by research efforts and industrial activities, leading to an extensive and growing number of innovative solutions. Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) define a class of wireless communication technologies seen as highly relevant for future IoT development given its long communication range, low-cost devices and interesting energy management. Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is acknowledged to be the dominant IoT communication technology. It has allowed broad deployment and unlocked new IoT applications such as smart cities, asset tracking, etc. This article provides a comprehensive tutorial on the LoRa standard, and surveys existing solutions, hot topics and future insights for building energy efficient IoT infrastructures and IoT devices. Indeed, energy efficiency is one of the key factors for successful and sustainable deployments of IoT applications. More precisely, this article discusses how to meet LoRa/LoRaWAN energy efficiency across physical layer, medium access control layer, and network layer. Next, extensive pioneering solutions from related literature are compared and assessed. Finally, insightful conclusions are drawn, and open problems are listed at the end of this article.

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Improving the Energy Efficiency of a LoRaWAN by a UAV-based Gateway

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Mobility of LoRaWAN Gateways for Efficient Environmental Monitoring in Pristine Sites

Mobility of LoRaWAN Gateways for Efficient Environmental Monitoring in Pristine Sites

Data collection from LoRaWAN sensor network by UAV gateway: design, empirical results and dataset

Multi-Layered Energy Efficiency in LoRa-WAN Networks: A Tutorial

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