Sluggish or stuck fermentations cause significant financial losses for winemakers each year. In order to investigate the reasons for problems during spontaneous fermentation of Riesling must in a well-known German vineyard of the lower Moselle, yeast strains involved in must fermentation were identified during winemaking in the two years 2011 and 2012. Identification of the yeast isolates was performed by applying analyses of the ITS-1-5.8-ITS2 region and restriction fragment analyses of different gene sequences. It revealed that Saccharomyces (S.) bayanus and not Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the main fermenting yeast. Either S. bayanus finished the fermentation or led to stuck fermentation. After about four weeks of stuck, fermentation continued spontaneously S. bayanus was replaced by the triple hybrid S. cerevisiae × S. kudriavzevii × S. bayanus. The triple hybrid strain HL 78 was able to utilize fructose more efficiently than S. bayanus strain HL 77. The fructophilic character of the triple hybrid strain correlated with an enhanced uptake of radiolabeled fructose compared to glucose.In contrast to the usual starter culture S. cerevisiae, both isolates, S. bayanus strain HL 77 and the triple hybrid strain HL 78, could grow in the absence of ammonium when amino acids were present. However, the triple hybrid was able to consume glucose and especially fructose at lower amino acid concentrations. Thus, the triple hybrid strain HL 78 was a suitable strain to overcome stuck fermentation without changing the fermentation conditions and the aroma profile desired by the selected winery. It has already been successfully used to restart stuck fermentation. The procedure described here could be a useful approach for wine makers facing problems during spontaneous fermentation. Since the application of genetically modified yeast strains is not allowed for starter culture, based on these studies we suggest the generation of hybrid strains with desired phenotypical features from mother yeasts strains/species of a certain winery and their application in case that during a spontaneous fermentations a sluggish or stuck fermentation is observed.
The development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has led to an increasingly frequent detection of changes in the spinal cord. The most common intramedullary lesions are: demyelinating; vascular; inflammatory; infectious; and congenital, largely called tumor-like lesions. Spinal cord tumors are relatively rare, as compared with brain tumors. The hardest task is to conclude whether the spinal cord lesion is a tumor or a tumor-like lesion. This review is intended to help evaluate the spinal cord and gives an overview of the tumor-like lesions occurring in the spinal cord along with their characteristic.
Digital development of the global economy has increasingly severe implications for business, society and State. The so-called digital transformation (DX) has already turned from a scientific paradigm to reality, adjusting the development strategies of entire states, changing the face of social infrastructure and reformatting business processes. The market participants now face serious challenges: how to build their own business model and how to find their place in the digital ecosystem of the nearest future, drawing on digital technologies. That is precisely why the research and approbation of approaches to building an information model of a digital corporation are not only topical, but also very timely. The article provides an overview of several important studies in the field of DX, along with a comparative analysis of classical and digital models of corporate governance; it also shows the potential for the development of the CPM concept (Corporate performance management) considering the DX requirements and the advantages of the evolutionary planning approach. The authors present the paradigm of building information and analytical systems for digital corporation management with the use of advanced business intelligence based on dynamic intellectual models. The article describes examples of real projects on the development of support systems for decision-making in terms of marketing and financial management, including business effects from the use of similar systems.
Purpose: The aim of this article was to present the G7 household savings rate models, including the extraction and identification of time series components that determine the formation of the studied phenomenon. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research was carried by a detailed analysis of the savings rates of G7 households in individual quarters in the years 2000-2018. Time series decomposition and identification of time series components, including the seasonal component, trend and outliers were made using econometric tools. The analyses used the automatic seasonal adjustment procedures TRAMO-SEATS and ARIMA-X-12. The obtained models were formally verified empirically. Findings: The decomposition of the time series of the G7 household savings rate provided information on the shaping of the analysed phenomenon. Using the Tramo-Seats procedure, it was shown that the savings rate of the United States, Canada and France is not subject to seasonal fluctuations, and the visible fluctuations are the result of the moving average process and outliers. Seasonal savings occurred in the case of Japan, Germany, Italy, and Great Britain. This seasonality was of a different nature, with the largest seasonal deviations recorded for Germany and Italy. Practical implications: In this paper the components of the time series of savings rates of G7 households were analysed and distinguished, showing differences in the development of the analysed phenomenon in individual countries, providing the appropriate economic justification for the differences. Originality/Value: In macroeconomic scale, households play an important role in the economy, creating the conditions for the sustainable development of the economy. They are an important source of financing for business investment and budget deficits. In a microeconomic perspective, a low savings rate can reduce the living conditions of the population, which has many negative effects. Taking this into account the above, learning about the development of the phenomenon under study, which is the household savings rate, allows to predict and adjust economic programs to optimize the desired effects.
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