Zespół policystycznych jajników (PCOS) jest najczęściej rozpoznawaną endokrynopatią w okresie rozrodczym i dotyczy 5-8% kobiet w tym wieku. Charakteryzuje się hiperandrogenizmem, zaburzeniami miesiączkowania o typie rzadkich miesiączek lub ich braku oraz obrazem jajników policystycznych w ultrasonografii. Etiologia zespołu policystycznych jajników nadal nie jest do końca wyjaśniona. Istnieje wiele teorii patogenetycznych, które prawdopodobnie nawzajem się uzupełniają. Najbardziej poznana hipoteza zakłada, że do rozwoju PCOS dochodzi na skutek insulinooporności i hiperinsulinemii, które doprowadzają do hiperandrogenizmu. Na podstawie ciągle jeszcze niewielu badań można stwierdzić częstsze występowanie różnych zaburzeń psychicznych u kobiet z PCOS, należą do nich: zaburzenia depresyjne, uogólnione zaburzenia lękowe, zaburzenia osobowości, fobia społeczna, zaburzenia obsesyjno – kompulsyjne, zespół nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej z deficytem uwagi (ADHD) oraz zaburzenia odżywiania. Stwierdzono również częstsze występowanie choroby afektywnej dwubiegunowej, schizofrenii i innych zaburzeń psychotycznych u kobiet z PCOS. Większa częstość występowania zaburzeń psychicznych u pacjentek z PCOS, zwłaszcza depresji i zaburzeń lękowych, może wynikać zarówno z samego hiperandrogenizmu, jak i z objawów somatycznych będących jego konsekwencją. Objawy te niewątpliwie mogą być dla kobiet stygmatyzujące i obniżać ich jakość życia. Niniejsze opracowanie ma na celu przedstawienie przeglądu piśmiennictwa na temat zaburzeń psychicznych u kobiet z PCOS oraz badań własnych na temat depresji i zaburzeń seksualnych u kobiet z PCOS.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and severity of emotional problems among Polish women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and seek factors which increase the risk of their occurrence. Material and methods:The study group consisted of 82 women (aged 18-48), who were diagnosed with PCOS based on the Rotterdam criteria. During hospitalization, the patients completed a number of questionnaires, providing their sociodemographic data and information concerning the inconvenience of disease-associated symptoms. The questionnaires included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory (MSEI). Data obtained during medical examinations (blood tests, transvaginal ultrasound, height and body mass measurements) were analyzed.Results: Out of 82 women, the results detected risk for depression in 42 (51.22%), mild depressive disorders in 32, moderate disorders in 8, and severe disorder in 2 patients. No statistically significant correlation between BDI or state anxiety and the level of the analyzed hormones, insulin resistance, or infertility treatment, was found. General self-esteem, trait anxiety, and marital status were associated with the occurrence of depression symptoms. BMI was associated with the level of state anxiety during hospitalization. Conclusions:Women with PCOS are at risk for mood and anxiety disorders. Disease-related somatic factors are not directly associated with the risk for disorder occurrence. However, severity of depression symptoms has been shown to be influenced by permanent psychological characteristics of the studied women, i.e. self-esteem, trait anxiety, and life situation (marital status). Therefore, it is recommended to include interviews about patient life situation and screening questionnaires for assessing depression into the diagnostic procedures in PCOS patients. Patients should be referred for a psychological or psychiatric consultation, if needed.
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic endocrinopathy characterized by oligo- or anovulation, clinical and/or biochemical markers of hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries, and it is associated with an increased prevalence of depression. Research conducted on psychiatric patients has shown correlations between depression and decreased cognitive function. The aim of this study was to examine the possible mediation of the time perspective (TP) in the development of depressive symptoms in patients with PCOS. Methods: A study was conducted on 83 patients with PCOS and 65 healthy women. Standardized questionnaires were used to assess depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory—BDI-II) and time perspective (Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory—ZTPI). Results: Our study revealed an indirect influence of depressive symptoms on PCOS through the positive future time perspective. In the logistic regression model, which included depression and a given time perspective as predictors of PCOS, only the future TP (β = −0.004, p < 0.003, OR = 1.004, 95% CI [1.001, 1.008]) was significantly independently related to the occurrence of PCOS. Conclusions: Our result is another argument for the role of psychoeducation and appropriate communication with a patient from the risk group in a way that builds hope and allows to regain influence on life situation.
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