This article indicated at erosion as one of the causes of degradation of surfaces washed by fluids and conditions of its occurrence. Corrosive – erosive theory of metal surface degradation has been discussed linking it with an instance of destructive processes taking place in cylinder liner blocks of combustion engines. Physics and conditions influencing processes on liquid – washed operational surface phase boundary have been justified. Out of the contemporary hypotheses explaining the physics of cavitation erosion, the bubble theory has been considered. A mathematical model of erosion has been presented in the context of cavitation implosion energy determining crash interactions of liquid cumulative fluxes on the washed surface. Occurring plastic deformations have been graphically explained linking them with the occurrence of fatigue micro-cracks and later with erosive pits. Influence of initial steel hardness on intensity of cavitation erosion has been checked. Discussion of ways to increase metal surface resistance to cavitation erosion has been carried out.
The increase of maritime international trade, especially of dangerous liquid cargos led to a significant increase of the number of sea-going ships. Their operation poses a real threat to the maritime environment both as a result of terminal events with transported dangerous liquid cargos and emissions of harmful products from fuels burnt by ship power systems. Because of those there is a need to undertake actions to prevent such occurrences using formal, legal and utilitarian tools. Philosophy of research methodology and rationalization of actions in compliance with international directives have been shown. The article presents the guidelines of the IMO Resolution MEPC 231(65) on preventing air pollution with carbon dioxide from ships. Design Energy Efficiency Index (EEDI) for a new ship was given as well as Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI) determined for conventional ships after a completed voyage was defined and interpreted. A model of a Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) of a chosen ship has been constructed taking into account possible actions aimed at obtaining the highest power efficiency of the ship at sea voyage. Conclusions have been drawn and possible directions of further actions have been established.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.