Objective. In the light of the IOC Consensus Statement, to develop the modern ideas about the directions of development of sports nutrition science, its basic principles, problems and prospects for their solution. Methods. Analysis and generalization of data from scientific and methodological literature, and normative documents on this issue. Results. The generalization of published data on the basis of the IOC Consensus Statement on the use of dietary supplements among highly qualified athletes made it possible to develop not only the concept of sports nutrition science as a new field of scientific knowledge and practical application, but also to outline the main principles for its implementation in the practice of athletes’ training and to highlight the main groups of supplements that can be used in high performance sport. It was emphasized that the strategic directions for the implementation of the Consensus Statement published in March 2018 are the stimulation of physical performance and the acceleration of recovery processes and the preservation of the health of athletes through the rational and reasonable use of nutritional supplements, functional foods, and individual nutrients. For the first time, the concept of ergogenic nutritional aids was developed that makes it possible in the future to revise the system of pharmacological support of sports training. Conclusion. It was emphasized that the applied nutritional aids must meet the quality standards for nutritional supplements, while ensuring proper control over their production, distribution, and, especially, the use by athletes. Methods of nutritional support for physical activity should take into account the specialization and qualifi cation of athletes, their sex and age characteristics, and should be applied depending on the period of preparation and focus of training loads. In connection with the improvement of the methods and the tightening of the procedure for doping control, it is extremely important that nutritional ergogenic agents do not contain substances belonging to the WADA Prohibited List, while providing a pronounced effect of stimulating performance along with maintaining the mental and physical health of athletes.
Most cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are of atherosclerotic origin, and lipid disorders play significant role, setting up the cardiovascular continuum, together with other risk factors. It also known that decrease of low density lipoproteins cholesterol (CLDL) level leads to decreased occurrence of CVDs in primary and secondary prevention of the diseases. Statins, at the moment, are a standard of medical care. However, two problems remain on the way to cardiovascular risk reduction — insufficient statins prescription and low rate of archived target levels of cholesterol and CLDL. In the end of October 2017, by the initiative of Sandoz LLC, in Kazan an educational seminar was conducted, where the representatives from 12 regions discussed the issues on statin therapy adherence improvement. Seminar program included lectures, practical interactive events and general discussion. As a specifics of the seminar, the participants not only listened to lectures, but prepared proposals in interactive regimen, discussed them with the colleagues, presented and defended projects. So, every participant was merged into the problem and directly influenced the discussion. Among the participants were internists, cardiologists, neurologists. Seminar vector was directed to revealing and overcoming such barriers for statin adherence as the socalled barriers of consent, understanding and availability, that depend on clinician as well as patient and healthcare system. Also the issues were discussed on the Internet influence on “antistatin” behavior, that prefers “good” bioactive compounds for “vile” statins.
This article discusses negative effects of vitamin D deficiency on low birthweight preterm and full-term newborns. Results of the studies on vitamin D provision to pregnant women and their newborn children are addressed. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in pregnant women and newborns. It was demonstrated that inadequate antenatal provision of a fetus with vitamin D may result in congenital rickets and neonatal seizures due to hypocalcemia in newborns and also accounts for increased rates of necrotic enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dys-plasia, and impaired growth and development as well as higher risk of lower respiratory tract infections (i.e., bronchiolitis, pneumonia) during the first year of a child’s life. In addition, it was shown that persistent vitamin D deficiency in future years may be associated with recurrent respiratory infections, allergic (e.g., atopic dermatitis, asthma, etc.), autoimmune, endocrine, and psycho-neurological disorders. Preventive and therapeutic strategies for vitamin D deficiency in low birthweight preterm and full-term newborns since neonatal period are discussed.Keywords: vitamin D, vitamin D deficiency, calcidiol, low birthweight newborn, preterm newborn, full-term newborn.For citation: Zakharova I.N., Mal’tsev S.V., Zubkov V.V. et al. Vitamin D, low birthweight preterm and full-term newborns: time for a paradigm shift. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2020;3(2):142–148. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-2-142-148.
Objective. To develop a concept of the modern system of pathogenetically sound application of pharmacological preparations and dietary supplements for the prevention and treatment of joint diseases in elite athletes. Methods. Analysis and synthetic generalization of research and methodological literature, as well as the Internet resources that are relevant to the matter under study. Results. The data on the prevalence and the causes of joint disorders in highly qualified athletes are presented. The categories of pharmacological and nutritional aids are described that are used in the world practice to prevent and treat such diseases in athletes. The emphasis was placed on the inappropriateness of the transfer of the treatment program for patients with rheumatoid arthritis to the system of prevention and treatment of joint disorders in athletes, where the development of this pathology is primarily mediated by a traumatic factor. The most common side effects of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs therapy most often used in such cases are described and current classification of these drugs is presented. The paper describes in detail supplementary aids of prevention and therapy for joint disorders using the nutritional supplements as well as provides the data on their effectiveness in terms of evidence-based medicine. Conclusion. The approach of a sports doctor to the prevention and treatment of the pathology of the articular apparatus in athletes in terms of the application of the entire spectrum of necessary drugs and nutritional supplements should be comprehensive and should take into account the specifics of the sport, especially the anti-doping legislation that regulates the systemic, local, and intra-articular application of glucocorticoids. Key words: high performance sport, diseases of the ligamentous-articular apparatus, pharmaceutical preparations, nutritional supplements.
This paper reviews the effects of vitamin D deficiency on pregnant women and newborns. It was demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women is associated with higher risks of threatened preterm labor, placental insufficiency, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, bacterial vaginosis, and impaired uterine contractility as well as higher rate of C-sections. Vitamin D insufficiency in newborns is associated with inadequate bone mineralization and also results in metabolic disorders, hypocalcemic seizures, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotic enterocolitis, sepsis, mental and developmental disorders, and higher risks of various (infectious, allergic etc.) disorders. Optimal vitamin D dosing regimen in pregnant women and newborns is discussed.KEYWORDS: pregnancy, vitamin D, vitamin D insufficiency, newborn, complications of pregnancy, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes.FOR CITATION: Zakharova I.N., Mal’tsev S.V., Zubkov V.V. et al. Effect of vitamin D on the pregnancy and the health of newborns and infants: state-of-the-art. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2020;3(3):174–181. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-3-174-181.
Витамины и микроэлементы являются важными компонентами для роста и развития плода в течение всего внутриутробного развития, а также у новорожденных в весь пос ледующий период грудного вскармливания. В случае когда проведение энтерального питания невозможно или ограничено, необходимо назначение парентеральной формы данных компонентов.В обзоре представлен анализ материалов о количественной и качественной составляющей парентерального питания новорожденных -витаминах и микроэлементах.Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки. Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
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